الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the zirconia containing MTA (MTA Matreva) to Traditional MTA (MTA Angelus) as root perforation repair material regarding:
1-The cytotoxic effect
2- The osteogenic effect
3- The Sealing ability.
Part I of this study (Ex-vivo study) was the cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential test. Fourteen small discs were prepared for each tested material (MTA Angelus and MTA Matreva), each material was mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions under sterile condition and incubated till complete setting.
MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of 12 weeks old, 200gram weight albino rat femurs and tibias and isolated using enzyme digestion method, The cells were seeded in atT-75 flasks, in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) containing 10% (FBS) 1% of penicillin G sodium (10.000 UI), streptomycin (10 mg) and amphotericin B (25 μg) and cells were cryopreserved in 1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
On the next day, 1x104 BMMSCs cells were seeded in 200 µL of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Osteogenic Differentiation Medium, BMMSCs that were cultured on OM without MTA Material served as negative controls.
Cell viability was assessed by cell proliferation assay (MTT) at three-time intervals of 3, 7 and 14 days, Calcium deposition was assessed in differentiated Odontoblast cells by using Alizarin red stain (ARS), and examined by LABOMED Fluorescence microscope LX400.
Evaluation of osteogenic effect through assessment of RANKL protein expression in BMMSCs seeded on the two MTA Materials for 14 days and osteogenic potential gene markers (TNF-α, TGF-β andIL-1β) expression in BMMSCs after culture on two types of MTA Materials for 14 days.
Regarding Cell viability assessment by cell proliferation assay (MTT) the results showed that group MAT had significantly higher percentages of viable cells after3, 7and 14 days than negative control group. There was no significant difference between group ANG and group MAT. There was no significant difference between ANG and group NC.
The cells seeded on MAT showed the highest levels of Average % calcific area fraction of (90%) followed by those seeded on ANG (68%) as compared to NC (48%).
The cells seeded on MAT group showed the highest levels of RANKL protein expression (800.2) followed by those seeded on ANG group (593.4) as compared to NC (192).
group MAT showed significantly higher values of TGF-β than group NC. There was no significant difference between group ANG and group MAT. There was no significant difference between ANG and group NC.
In part II of this study (In-Vitro) to evaluate sealing ability, eighteen extracted human permanent mandibular molar teeth were collected, Standard access cavity was prepared, Intentional perforation was made, the teeth were randomly divided into two groups with 9 samples in each experimental group, The perforation site of this group was sealed with MTA whether Angelus or Matreva , the samples examined with BENCH TOP SEM, Photomicrographs of the gap between the repair materials and cavity wall were taken and evaluated using software JCM-6000PLUS.
The results showed that the mean and standard deviation values of Gap were 26.2 ±7.7 µ in group MAT and 12.5 ±2.6 µ in group ANG. MTA Matreva recorded significant higher gap measurement than MTA Angelus. (p = 0.002).