الفهرس 
Evaluation of Frequency of Middle Mesial Canals and Anatomical Features in Mandibular Molars in Egyptian Population (A Cross-Sectional Study)
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Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the records of cone-beam computed tomography of permanent mandibular first and second molars amongst members of an Egyptian population to record the prevalence, location and type of the middle mesial canal (MMC) in addition to morphologic characteristics of mandibular first and second molar and in particular number of root canals and type of canals in mesial root.
Materials and methods: 150 CBCT scans with total of 384 mandibular molars 217 female and 167 male CBCT images were obtained from two private centers for maxillofacial imaging in Cairo governorate, Egypt. The CBCT images of the mandibular 1st and 2nd molars were evaluated for the number of roots; mesial root length, type and number of canals in mesial root, the presence and configuration of MMC. Gender and age of patients were recorded.
Results: The prevalence of MMC in mandibular first molars was (3.5%) seven molars out of 198 while the prevalence of MMC in mandibular second molars was (1%) two molars out of 186. there was no significant association between the presence of MMC and gender (p=0.797) or age (p=0.119). The highest MMC prevalence was found in 1st mandibular right molars 4(4.0%) and no MMCs were detected in 2nd mandibular left molars 0(0.0%). (88.9%) of the present MMCs were of the confluent type.
Conclusion: Within the parameters of this retrospective in-vivo CBCT study, dentists treating the first or second mandibular molars in an Egyptian patient must be diligent in locating the middle mesial canal because of their low prevalence; such cases are not commonly found in daily practice.
The middle mesial canals found had a higher percentage of the confluent configuration rather than the fin or the independent configurations. In addition, improving knowledge of the anatomical variations of root canal systems can increase the success rate for both non-surgical and surgical endodontic treatment and consequently avoids failure of root canal therapy. In vivo CBCT analysis remains as a non-invasive and clinically effective tool for determining root canal morphology and
detecting missed and extra canals in unsuccessful endodontic treatments.