الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common in men and the second most common cancer in women (10.0% of the total) (WHO. 2014)
In Egypt, according to National cancer institute (NCI), colorectal cancer occupies the third rank in male and fourth rank in female among malignancy. In cancer pathology registry 2003-2004 where colorectal cancer accounted for 4.34% of all cancers (Mokhtar et al., 2007)., but in a wider study on 41919 patients in 12-year Registry 2000-2011, colorectal cancer was 6.50 % and 6.47 % of male and female cancers respectively. (Mokhtar et al., 2016).
The aim of the present study was to: Evaluate the exprition of Gal-3 and tumor immune response in series of colorectal tumors obtained from a group of Egyptian patients and assess the correlation between Gal-3 expression and tumor immune response as evaluated by CD8 expressions scoring as well as other clinicopathological variables
For this retrospective study, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples from 50 patients with Colorectal Tumors and 20 paraffin blocks from non-neoplastic colonic mucosa (normal or inflamed) from patients subjected to colectomy were enrolled in this study, The 70 colorectal samples sections 5 μm thick were stained with: Hematoxylin and Eosin for routine histopathological evaluation, Gal-3 antibody, and CD8 antibody
Galectin-3 expression and CD8 expression were significantly present among cases with CRC more than normal mucosa
There was no significant association between gender or age with Galectin-3 expression and CD8 expression
Adenocarcinoma was the most common subtype followed by adenocarcinoma with focal mucoid or neuroendocrine, mucoid and Signet ring carcinoma.
Mucoid and Signet ring carcinoma achieved highest positive Galectin-3 expression followed by adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma with focal mucin or neuroendocrine cells and normal mucosa. This was statistically insignificant (p<0.001).
Signet ring subtype had the highest positive CD8 expression, followed by adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma with focal mucin or neuroendocrine cells, normal mucosa and Mucoid carcinoma: however, this was statistically insignificant.
G3 had highest percentage of Galectin-3 expression followed by G2 and G1, but this was statistically insignificant, also CD8 expression significantly decreases with progression of the tumor grade
There was a significant association between Galectin-3 expression and patients’ clinical staging, while a reverse association between CD8 expression and clinical staging was significant as higher percentages of positive immune responses were found among lower stages
A significant association was found between Duke staging and Galectin-3 expression, while higher duke staging had a less CD8 expression compared to others: the relation between those them were significant.
Patients with hight TMN staging had significantly elevated Galectin-3 expression as patients with hight tumor size in TMN staging had significantly elevated Galectin-3 expression compared to others, also the association between LN invasion and Galectin-3 expression was significant
Patients with lower TMN staging had significantly elevated CD8 expression as patients with lower tumor size in TMN staging had significantly elevated CD8 expression compared to others, also patients with low lymph-node invasion in TMN staging had significantly elevated CD8 expression compared to others.