الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Microvascular complications are sequels of diabetes mellitus following uncontrolled chronic hyperglycemia which includes diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy, that are caused by pathological changes in capillaries. Diabetic Nephropathy or renal dysfunction is characterized by progressive albuminuria followed by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).It has been reported that despite optimal treatment about 20% of patients with DM and proteinuria develop End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) within 3 years of follow-up.Copeptin is an inactive analog of Arginine Vasopressin precursor (AVP) and is secreted in an equimolar amount to that of AVP. Because of its comparatively longer half-life and stable ex-vivo structure than AVP, it is also considered a reliable biomarker that can indicate AVP function. Although there is a strong correlation between copeptin and AVP concentrations, their relationship gets distorted in chronic kidney diseases suggesting incomplete clearance of peptide, whenever the renal function is impaired. The current study was designed with an aim to inspect the clinical importance of serum copeptin in patients of type 2 diabetes with and without nephropathy and to assess the relation between microvascular complication of type 2 diabetic patients and copeptin plasma levels.The study was conducted between November 2021 till May 2022, included 90 participants; 30 healthy control participants, 20 cases of DN with normoalbuminuria, 20 cases of DN with microalbuminuria, and 20 cases of DN with macroalbuminuria. Serum copeptin levels were measured by ELISA, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and spot urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) were done using spectrophotometry. Cases and controls were matched in age, gender, BMI, HB, Na, K, platelets, and total leukocytic count measurement. Based on the statistical analysis of the current study results, we found thatserum copeptin level was significantly lower in diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria than in normal healthy control.There was no significant association was found between serum copeptin level,diabetic retinopathy nor neuropathy.