الفهرس 
الأمن المائى والتنمية المستدامةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Abstract in Arabic Water resources are the basis for building a modern and sustainable agricultural economy in all countries of the world, and in Egypt and Iraq in particular, where the scarcity of these resources has continued for many considerations, which requires the existence of an adequate water supply base, and this is what necessarily requires the rationalization of its use, in order to achieve water abundance on the one hand and establish The rules of sustainable development based on food security on the other hand. However, food sufficiency will only be achieved in the presence of sustainable agricultural development that takes into account the use of available water resources.
The fluctuation of water availability in time and space and the increasing impact of periods of drought and floods, offset by increasing pressure on the demand for water and limited water resources, in addition to that the frequent import of the most important agricultural commodities that represent the mainstay of nutrition in the Algerian family, are factors that imposed a strategy for the development of water resources and rationalize it. Therefore, water policies must be adopted to invest the available water resources.
And that the concept of water security is a relative concept, not an absolute one, as there is usually talk about different levels of water security in different countries or in one country according to its stages of development. On the other hand, we find that the concept of water security is closely related to other concepts, namely food security and economic security. Social, environmental security, political and military security, and then national security with a collective concept of various other partial concepts of security. Of course, then, water scarcity, whether due to internal factors or external factors, affects food security on the one hand, and leads to economic, social and environmental damage on the other hand. Thus, it threatens the basis of the existence of society, the structure of the state and its political stability in general.
We can consider the water projects undertaken by the upstream countries on rivers, tributaries and their common branches with Iraq as one of the external reasons that exacerbated the Iraqi water crisis, as agreements were concluded and several meetings were organized on water and water projects during the periods when the region was under Ottoman rule. Hence the British and French domination, and the first agreement signed between Britain, Russia, Iran and Turkey was in 1913 on regulating the Shatt al-Arab River, after which France and Britain signed an agreement to regulate the use of the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in 1920, followed by a third agreement in 1930, and when Iraq gained its independence in 1932 it was signed Two agreements, one in 1937 with Iran on the Shatt al-Arab, and the other with Turkey in 1946.
Egypt is carrying out some major national projects that aim to rationalize the use of water and maximize the return from it. During the current year 2021, the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation is implementing the national project for the rehabilitation of canals, which aims to improve the process of water management and distribution. The ministry is also working on the national project to transform from flood irrigation to irrigation systems. Talking and encouraging farmers on this transformation, because of its clear impact on the rationalization of water consumption, in addition to the implementation of many major projects in the field of reusing agricultural drainage water, such as the project to benefit from the water of the Bahr El-Baqar drain in the eastern Delta and benefit from the water of the western Delta drains and the project of the Drainage Al-Mahasmah, in addition to the establishment of more than 100 intermediate mixing stations. In terms of legislative development, the state has prepared a new draft law on water resources and irrigation, which is currently being discussed in the House of Representatives.