الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of glucose metabolism which has serious clinical consequences including micro vascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macro vascular (ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease) complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide in working-age individuals and is considered to be a micro-vascular complication.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Nearly one third of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide can have DR with another third of these patients can have vision threatening DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME).
The aim of this study was to recognize the contributions of micro vascular and neural changes in the pathogenesis of the diabetic retinopathy.
We conduct a cross-sectional analytical study of 22 eyes of diabetic patients and 22 eyes of age and gender matched controls, evaluated for retinal neuro-degeneration and micro-vascular changes in early stages of diabetes mellitus at ophthalmology outpatient clinic, Suez Canal University (SCU) Hospital, Ismailia using OCT and OCT-angiography, their age ranged from 45 – 68 years and seven eyes of 22 diabetic eyes were diabetic and hypertensive.
In our study the mean ± SD of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using log MAR chart of the control group was o.20 ± o.l6 and of the diabetic group without diabetic retinopathy was o.23 ± o.lo, the mean ± SD of the intra-ocular pressure (IoP) was l6.45 ± o.86 mmHg for the control group and l7.o ± l.35 mmHg for the diabetic group and the mean ± SD of the axial length was 22.86 ± o.6lmm for the control group and 23.l6 ± o.6o mm for the diabetic group.
The micro-vascular assessment using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in the diabetic group without diabetic retinopathy showed that mean ± SD of the superficial foveal avascular zone(s-FAZ) area was 452.8o ± l93.oµm2, mean ± SD deep foveal avscular zone (d-FAZ) area was 7l7.7l ± 233.l3 µm2 and mean ± SD of the foveal blood vessel density was l5.93 ± 6.28% and in the control group showed mean ± SD of s-FAZ was