الفهرس 
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Abstract
Day-after-day, there is an increasing focus on plants that have been used in traditional medicine.Artemisia judaica L.(Family: Asteraceae)and Cichorium endivia L. (Family: Asteraceae)are widely dispersed medicinal plants in Mediterranean region including Egypt.In the Egyptian folklore medicine, Artemisia judaica L. was used as a vermifuge, sedative, and antispasmodic while Cichorium endivia L. was used torelief mild digestive disorders.
On the one hand,various classes of natural products in A. judaicaL. have been identified by liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A. judaica is a fruitful source of polyphenols that are well-known for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The in-vitro cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of A. judaicaL. was screened against a panel of cancer cell lines. The results revealed its cytotoxic activity against lung cancer (A549) cell line with a promising IC50 of 14.2 µg/mL compared to doxorubicin as a standard. This in-vitro study was illustrated through downregulation of antiapoptotic genes, upregulation of proapoptotic genes, and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover, a docking study of the detected metabolites
approved their cytotoxic activity through their virtual binding affinity towards the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) active sites. The previously reported polyphenols with anti-lung cancer activity were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin were detected at concentrations of 6 mg/gm, 0.4 mg/gm, 0.36 mg/gm, and 3.9 mg/gm of plant dry extract, respectively. It is worth noting that kaempferol and rutin are reported for the first time. Further in-vivo study of the ethanolic crude extract of A. judaica L. showed a significant decrease in a solid tumor mass, with a tumor inhibition ratio of 54% relative to doxorubicin therapy in a Xenograft model. Therefore, A. judaica L. may serve as an adjuvant therapy or a promising source of leading structures in drug discovery for lung cancer treatment.
On the other hand,Cichorium endivia L. is a wide edible plant.The currentphytochemical studyof C. endivia L. resulted in isolation of thirteen compounds identified as stigmasterol (1),Ursolic acid (2), β-amyrin(3),Azelaic acid(4),Vanillic acid(5), (6S, 7E)-6-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3,9-dione (S(+)-dehydrovomifoliol)(6), 4-Hydroxy phenyl acetic acid(7),Vomifoliol(8)which is first reported in C. endivia, ferulic acid(9),protocatechuic acid(10),kaempferol(11),p- coumaric acid(12)and luteolin(13), Azelaic acid and vomifoliol are first reported in C. endivia.As a result of a generous number of phenolic compounds, thetotal phenolic content as well as the in-vitro antioxidant activity of C. endivia L. extract were estimated. Moreover, we inspected the potential gonado-protective effect of C. endiviaL. crude extract, phenolic fraction, isolated coumaric, vanillic, and ferulic acids against methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular injury in mice. Testosterone level was detected in serum together with testicular content of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6,tumor necrosis factor alpha