الفهرس 
Effect of Cold Therapy and Ultrasonic on Postural Kyphosis in Pre Versus Post-Menopausal Women
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Abstract
Background: Thoracic kyphosis is one of the manifestations of post‑ menopausal
spinal osteoporosis so it is preferable to prevent incidence of kyphosis related to estrogen deficiency especially for premenopausal whose kyphosis start to develop.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to detect the effect of cold therapy and ultrasonic
on postural kyphosis in pre versus post‑ menopausal women. Materials and
Methods: Sixty non‑ osteoporotic pre and post‑ menopausal women diagnosed as
postural kyphosis with thoracic back pain, between the ages of 40 and 60 years,
assigned randomly into 3 groups equal in numbers; each group consisted of 10 pre
and 10 post‑ menopausal women; group (A) received physiotherapy program
followed by cold therapy, group (B) received ultrasonic therapy followed by
physiotherapy program, and group (C) received ultrasonic then the physiotherapy
program followed by cold therapy. The three groups followed the same
physiotherapy sessions 3 times per week for 3 months. Evaluation was performed for
the thoracic back pain by visual analogue scale (VAS); for kyphosis by Formetric,
Spinal Mouse and Flexicurve ruler and for activities by Instrumental activities of
daily living scale (IADL). Results: Statistical analysis revealed that within the three
groups (A, B & C) there were highly significant decrease (P < 0.0001) post treatment
in both pre- and post-menopausal conditions except the premenopausal participants
treated by cold (A), measured by Formetric and (pre and post-menopausal )treated by
cold (A), measured by spinal mouse ,they showed a non-significant decreasing p >
0.05 post-treatment while pre-menopause showed clinical improvement and nonsignificant difference(P > 0.05) when compared to post-menopause conditions in the
pre- and post-treatment. The clinical improvement in the VAS in group (A),(B)&(C)
at pre as well as post-menopausal conditions equal [(↓32%& ↓35%), (↓40%&
↓30%)& (↓37.55%& ↓31.57%)] respectively, kyphosis assessed by Formeric were
[(↓3.15% &10.11%), (↓19.16% & ↓13.84%)& (↓19.23% & ↓16.44%)] respectively ,
kyphosis assessed by spinal mouse were [(↓3.15%&↓8.3%), (↓36.43%& ↓17.31%)&
(↓27.19%& ↓22.07%)] respectively, kyphosis assessed by flexicurve ruler were
[(↓8.44%& ↓7.1), (↓7.7& ↓8.12)& (↓9.68 & ↓11.08)] respectively, IADL were
[(↑51.98%&↑60.74%),(↑52.38%&↑61.26%)& (↑36.64%&↑41.52)] respectively.
Conclusion: Addition of Ultrasonic to exercise provides an improvement in thoracic kyphosis in menopausal women.