الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted on twelve apparently healthy native female non-pregnant goats. Their body weight ranged from 25 - 30 kg and their age ranged from 2 year to 3 years. The study was categorized into general injectable anesthesia and paravertable block.
The anaesthetic study was performed for clinical, physiological and haematobiochemical assessment of some anaesthetic methods and agents:
1- Evaluation of ketamine (6mg/ kg body wt., IV) and propofol (5mg/ kg body wt., IV) with either dexmedetomidine (3µg/kg body wt., IV) or diazepam (0.5 mg/kg body wt., IV) for general injectable anesthesia to select the most reliable regimen used in goats in terms of its effect on vital physiological activity, clinical and haematobiochemical parameter changes.
2- Evaluation of single and combined agents for paravertebral block :-
a- DEX Hcl was administrated at a dose of75µg perineural (25µg for each nerve diluted in 5ml NaCl 0.9%) in a total volume 15 ml.
b- Lidocaine Hcl 2% was administrated at a dose of 15ml (5ml for each nerve).
c- A mixture of DEX and Lidocaine administrated. Goats received DEX at dose of 75µg and lidocaine (5ml for each nerve) at total volume dose of 15ml.
d- A mixture of DEX and Lidocaine administrated. Goats received DEX at dose of 37.5µg and lidocaine at dose of 7.5ml (2,5ml for each nerve) and complete with NaCl 0.9% to reach final volume 15 ml.
3- Evaluation of quality of intraoperative anaesthesia:
A- Hysterotomy.
B- Rumenotomy.
In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that premedication with DEX produces pronounced hypothermia and bradycardia compared with premedication with diazepam. Both treatments are associated with hemodynamic stability. Premedication with DEX produces excellent quality of anesthesia and muscle relaxation with prolonged duration of anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation; therefore, it is more suitable than premedication with diazepam for major surgical procedures with long duration in goats.
In the present work, we showed that administration of DEX with lidocaine in paravertebral block in goat prolong duration of anesthesia and reduce intra and postoperatively pain so reduce dose of analgesic drugs that administrated immediately after surgery.
The present study demonstrated that no significant variation in most hematobiochemical as well as physiological parameters. A significant decrease in RT was also observed in the groups that included DEX. The study showed that DEX is not used alone as a local anesthetic due to its short and low anesthetic score.
Ruminal movement returned faster in the lidocaine group than in the other groups. By affecting the hormonal and nervous systems, α2-adrenergic agonists reduce HR, RR and gastrointestinal motility.
DEX alone did not produce nerve blockade, as reported previously due to short and low quality of anesthesia that produced.
PIV group (lidocaine accompanied with DEX in half doses) is the most suitable protocol for standing surgical procedure in which produce suitable duration of anesthesia, analgesia and sedation whereas PIII group (lidocaine accompanied with DEX in full doses) produce high sedation score resulting in recumbency so it is not suitable protocol for standing surgical procedure.