الفهرس 
Neuroprotective evaluation of hormonal replacement therapy and/or Na+, K+-ATPase acting agent on Alzheimer`s disease induced in rodents
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 168 |  |  |
| | | from | 168 | | |
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that testosterone protects against memory deterioration. But, the exact mechanism is still obscure. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of testosterone undecanoate on the behavioral responses and biochemical parameters of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by AlCl3 / D-galactose administration and the possible alteration of gene expression level of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. Adult male mice received AlCl3 in drinking water (10 mg/kg/day) and (D-galactose 200 mg/kg/day), s.c for 90 consecutive days, then received a single I.M injection of castor oil (vehicle) on day 91, while treated groups received a single I.M injection of either low (100 mg/kg) or high dose (500 mg/kg) respectively of testosterone undecanoate on day 91. Locomotor activity in open field test, recognition index to novel objects in the novel object recognition test, spontaneous alternation percentage in Y-maze test, and escape latency time in the Morris water maze test were used to measure locomotion, non-spatial memory, short-term spatial memory, long-term spatial memory in mice, respectively. The results showed that testosterone undecanoate treatment improved locomotor and exploratory behavior, curiosity to novel objects, improved spatial and non-spatial memory, as well as reversed inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-kβ), AD biomarkers (tau protein and beta-amyloid 1-42), oxidative stress biomarker (Malondialdehyde), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, as well as mRNA expression levels of Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms which induced by AlCl3/D-galactose administration in male mice, suggesting enhancement of behavioral and memory functions brought by testosterone treatment. Moreover, gene expression of Na+/K+ ATPase isoforms and histopathological alteration were most prominent and correlated with the reported behavioral and biochemical changes. Finally, the current findings suggest that anti-inflammatory effects of testosterone undecanoate participate in neuro-behavioral changes of Alzheimer’s disease in male mice.