الفهرس 
List of Contents
Surgical TechniqueOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Graves’ disease is the commonest cause of hyperthyroi¬dism. It is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an enlarged goiter, hyperthyroidism, and ophthalmopathy. Untreated GD in the long term predisposes one to blind¬ness, cardiovascular comorbidities, and osteopenia and may carry significant morbidity and mortality Treatment options for GD include antithyroid medications, radio¬ iodine, or surgery. Indications for surgery in patients with GD include failure of medical management to antithyroid medications or radio-iodine therapy, younger patients with high risk of recurrence following medical manage¬ment, large goiter with compressive symptoms, nodular thyroid where malignancy may coexist, severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and patients’ preference.The surgical management of Graves’ disease remains controversial. Surgical options for GD include Subtotal thyroidectomy (ST) and total thyroidectomy (TT). Total thyroidectomy (TT) is increasingly being performed and the indications for this procedure include not only high-risk patients with thyroid cancer, but also patients with Graves’ disease and those with multinodular goitre.The advantages of total thyroidectomy include adequate eradication of the disease, prevention of recurrent goiter and avoidance of the need for completion surgery in case of occult malignancy, but it is associated with higher morbidity (postoperative thyroidectomy complications: RLN palsy and hypoparathyroidism) and the need for lifelong replacement therapy (L-thyroxin supplementation) Other studies have argued that ST, especially when performed with a remnant thyroid of less than 3 gm, may be associated with a low risk of recurrent hyperthyroidism. The ST is associated with lesser risk of hyperparathyroidism and possibly recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy The aim of study was to compare between the two techniques regarding postoperative recurrence of hyperthyroidism, hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism This was prospective controlled clinical trial, was carried out at Department of General Surgery , Assiut University Hospital , Assiut , Egypt on patients were allocated randomly to one of the treatment groups group TT And group ST With a 1: 1 ratio, during two years duration (2020-2021).