الفهرس 
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Abstract
Experiment was carried out throughout two successive seasons of 2020 and 2021 on Ruby Seedless grapevines grown at the Experimental Orchard of Assiut University, Faculty of Agriculture. Twenty-eight uniform grapevines (7 treatments x 4 replications) of each cultivar were chosen.
Treatments:
T1: Spraying with Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 10 ppm.
T2: Spraying with salicylic acid at 3 mM.
T3: Spraying with Ammonium Nitrate at 300 ppm.
T4: Spraying with Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 10 ppm + Spraying with salicylic acid at 3 mM.
T5: Spraying with Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 10 ppm + Spraying with Ammonium Nitrate at 300 ppm.
T6: Spraying with Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 10 ppm + Spraying with salicylic acid at 3 mM + Spraying with Ammonium Nitrate at 300 ppm.
T7: Control spraying with tap water.
The treatment consisted of four replicates. The vines were a sprayed using a hand sprayer in the early morning where the clusters were sprayed when they reached a length of 8-10 cm with GA3 at 10 ppm. Subsequently apply the other spraying compounds (Ammonium nitrate - Salicylic acid) once before it reaches the coloring stage in late June or early July. The second spraying was executed when the coloring reached 10% of the berries (veraison stage).
The following measurements were taken on each vine:
Yield components: -
• Yield weight(kg/vine)
• Cluster weight(kg)
A- Physical properties
Berry attributes:
• 100 berries weight (g).
• 100 berries juice weight (g).
• Berry length (L) (cm).
• Berry diameter (D) (cm).
• Berry L/D ratio.
Cluster attributes:
• Cluster length (L) (cm).
• Cluster width (W) (cm).
• Cluster length/width (L/W ratio).
• Cluster rachis weight (gm)
B-Chemical characteristics:
Total soluble solids percentage (TSS %)
Total acidity percentage (TA %)
TSS/acid ratio was then calculated.
Total Anthocyanin (TAC)
Reducing sugars percentage
Results:
1-1. Yield weight (kg/vine):
The presented data demonstrated that most of the treatments significantly increased the yield in the 1st and 2nd seasons of study with an exception of NH4NO3 and SA + GA3. During the 1st season the best treatment in this respect was T1 (GA3) which recorded the highest yield (15.16 kg/vine). The second treatment was SA + NH4NO3 + GA3. The 2nd season results took the same trend of the 1st one. The best treatments were GA3, SA, SA + NH4NO3 + GA3 and NH4NO3 + GA3. The combined analysis over the two years of study revealed that all the treatments exceeded the control respecting the yield weight (kg/vine). The best treatments in this respect were GA3 followed by SA and then SA+ NH4NO3+ GA3.
1-2. Cluster weight (g):
The presented date suggested that the treatments significantly increased the cluster weight in the 1st and 2nd seasons of study with an exception of (SA + GA3). During the 1st season the most effective treatment in this respect was (GA3) which recorded the highest cluster weight followed by (SA + NH4NO3 + GA3) and (SA). The 2nd season results took the same trend of the 1st one. the best treatments were GA3, SA and SA + NH4NO3 + GA3. The combined analysis over the two years of study indicated that all the treatments exceeded the control respecting the cluster weight (g) with an exception of SA + GA3. The best treatments in this respect were GA3 followed by SA and then SA + NH4NO3 + GA3.
2) Berry measurements:
2-1. 100 berries Weight (g):
Results of the present study showed that during the 1st season of study, most of tested treatments significantly increased the 100 berries weight with an exception of NH4NO3 and SA + GA3. where GA3, GA3 + SA + NH4NO3 and SA recorded the highest values during the 1st season. Data indicated that, all the treatments significantly exceeded the control during the 2nd season of study with an exception of SA + GA3. The treatments of NH4NO3, GA3 + SA + NH4NO3 and SA gave the best results (214.67, 213 and 208 gm, respectively). Two seasons average data showed that all the treatments significantly exceeded the control respecting the 100 berries Weight (g) with an exception of SA + GA3. The best treatments in this respect were GA3 + SA+ NH4NO3 (216.50g) followed by GA3 and then SA.
2-2. 100 berries juice weight (g):
The presented data revealed that all the treatments significantly surpassed the control during the 1st and 2nd seasons of study with an exception of NH4NO3 and SA + GA3. During the 1st season the most effective treatments produced juice weight were (GA3) and (SA). In the 2nd season the highest juice weight were taken from (SA) and (SA + NH4NO3 + GA3) and (NH4NO3 + GA3). The combined analysis over the two years of study indicated that all the treatments exceeded the control respecting the 100 berries juice weight (g) with an exception of SA+GA3. The best treatments in this respect were SA followed by SA+ NH4NO3 + GA3 and then GA3.
2-3. Berry dimensions:
2-3-1. Berry length (L) (cm):
The presented date demonstrated that all the treatments had non-significant effect on berry length in the 1st and 2nd seasons. The combined analysis over the two years of study also revealed that all the treatments had not a significant effect.
2-3-2. Berry diameter (D) (cm):
The presented data demonstrated that most of tested treatments had not a significant effect on berry diameter in the 1st season of study with an exception of GA3 + NH4NO3 and SA + NH4NO3 + GA3. The highest values were obtained from the vines treated with (SA + NH4NO3 + GA3). In the 2nd season, NH4NO3 and GA3 + NH4NO3 had significant differences compared with the control, while the rest of the treatments were not significant. The combined analysis over the two years of study revealed that most of the treatments significantly increased the berry diameter. The best treatments in this respect were GA3 + SA + NH4NO3 (1.56 cm)
2-3-3. Berry L/D ratio:
Data revealed that, all the treatments and the control on berry L/D ratio in 1st season. The highest value in the 1st season was SA without significant difference. While the control gave the highest value (1.11) in the 2nd season. Two seasons average data demonstrated that, most the treatments had not a significant effect. The best treatments were GA3 + NH4NO3 and NH4NO3 which recorded 1.44 and 1.43 (cm), respectively.
3) Cluster measurements:
3-1. Cluster length (cm):
The presented data suggested that the treatments had not a significant effect on the cluster length in the 1st season of study with an exception of T2. During the 1st season spraying with (SA) and (GA3) gave the highest values 23 and 22.25 (cm), respectively. In 2nd season of study most the treatments significantly increased it comparing with the control with an exception of NH4NO3 and SA + GA3. The highest value (30.95) was obtained from GA3. Two seasons average data revealed that most of the treatments had not a distinguish effect on this trait. GA3 was the treatment that significantly increased the cluster length over the two seasons of study.
3-2. Cluster width (cm):
In the 1st season of study, most of tested treatments had non-significant effect with an exception of GA3 and GA3 + SA + NH4NO3. The highest values were obtained from the vines treated with GA3 and SA +NH4NO3+GA3. The cluster width (cm) reached 28.33 and 24 cm for such treatments, respectively. During 2nd season some of the treatments were not significant. The best treatment in this respect was GA3 which recorded the highest cluster width 26.84cm followed by GA3 + NH4NO3 and GA3 + SA + NH4NO3. The combined analysis over the two years of study took the same trend of the 2nd season of study.
3-3. Cluster L/W ratio:
Data revealed that, all the treatments were non-significant on this ratio comparing to the control in the 1st and 2nd seasons of study. On the other side, the combined analysis over the two years of study revealed that the treatments were not significant with an exception of SA, which gave the highest value (1.14) compared to the control and other treatments.
3-4. Cluster rachis weight (gm):
Data indicated that, all the treatments were not significant on cluster rachis weight comparing to the control in the 1st season. The presented data suggested that most of the treatments had not a significant effect on cluster rachis weight in the 2nd season of study with an exception of GA3 and GA3 + SA + NH4NO3. During the 2nd season of study the best treatment in this respect was GA3 which recorded the highest cluster rachis weight (22.69g). The combined analysis over the two years of study revealed that most the treatments were not significant with an exception of GA3 and GA3 + SA + NH4NO3. The best treatments in this respect were GA3 followed by GA3 + SA + NH4NO3.
4) Chemical constituents:
4-1. Total soluble solids percentage (TSS %):
During the 1st season NH4NO3 significantly exceeded the control. While the rest of treatments had not a significant effect. In 2nd season all tested treatments were not significant although all the treatments were higher than the control. The most effective treatment in this respect was GA3 + SA + NH4NO3 which recorded the highest percentage (18.15%). The average of two studied seasons showed that, NH4NO3 and GA3 + SA + NH4NO3 gave the highest percentage of TSS% compared with control. While the rest of treatments had not a significant influence.
4-2. Total acidity percentage:
Data revealed that, during 1st season the total acidity percentage significantly decreased due to applications of GA3, NH4NO3, GA3 + SA and GA3 + NH4NO3. The rest of treatments decreased acidity% but did not have a significant influence. During 2nd season of study, most of the treatments significantly decreased the Total acidity with an exception of GA3 and GA3 + SA + NH4NO3 did not have a significant effect. Two seasons average data showed that all the treatments decreased the acidity, except of GA3 + SA + NH4NO3 decreased TA% without a significant difference compared with the control.
4-3. Total soluble solids/acid ratio:
The presented data demonstrated that most of the treatments significantly increased the ratio of TSS and acidity in the 1st season of study with an exception of GA3 and SA. The highest value were NH4NO3 (67.75). The ratio of TSS% and acidity was significantly affected by all the treatments with an exception of GA3 during 2nd season. The best treatments in this respect were GA3 + SA followed by NH4NO3. The combined analysis over the two years of study revealed that all the treatments exceeded the control respecting the total soluble solids/acid ratio. The best treatments in this respect were GA3 + SA followed by NH4NO3 and then GA3 + NH4NO3.
4-4. Reducing sugars percentage:
Data revealed that, In the 1st season although there were an increase in reducing sugars due to different treatments comparing with the control, the differences were not significant in most of the treatments. The significant effect was only found in the NH4NO3 (18.02). During 2nd season of study all the treatments significantly increased reducing sugars % with an exception of GA3 + SA. The best treatments in this respect were GA3 followed by SA and then GA3 + SA + NH4NO3. Two seasons average data demonstrated that, all the treatments was significantly increased it comparing with the control. The reducing sugars% ranged between 14.12 to 15.70%, while the control gave the lowest percentages.
4-5. Total anthocyanins content (TAN) of Ruby Seedless grapes:
Data revealed that, during the 1st season all the treatments significantly exceeded the control except of GA3. The best treatment in this respect was SA which recorded the highest value (61.85 mg/ 100 g). The second treatments was NH4NO3 followed by GA3+ NH4NO3. During 2nd season some of the treatments were not significant and some significantly increased it compared to the control. The best treatment in this respect was SA + GA3 which recorded the highest anthocyanins content (27.43 mg/100 g) followed by GA3 + NH4NO3. Two seasons average data demonstrated that, most of the treatments significantly increased it comparing to the control. The highest value was SA followed by NH4NO3.
Conclusion and recommendation:
The present study confirmed that the use Salicylic acid and Ammonium nitrate alone or combined with GA3 could enhance fruit quality. For this reason, it could be concluded that a foliar application with Salicylic acid at 3 Mm, Ammonium nitrate at 300 ppm alone or combined with GA3 at 10 ppm before cluster reaches the coloring stage and when the coloring reached 10% of the berries improved berry quality and coloring of Ruby Seedless grapes.