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Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to know the magnitude of performance heterosis, heterobeltiosis, General combining ability (GCA) effects andspecific combining ability (SCA) effects for eggplant genotypes. Half-diallel of F1 crosses involving ten parental local genotypes of eggplant were crossed to produce 45 F1 hybrids at Kaha Vegetable Research Farm, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt; during the summer seasons of the period between 2012 to 2015. The ten parents and their crosses showed significant differences for all traits under this study, viz. days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, total yield per plant (kg) and physical fruit characters (average fruit length, average fruit diameter and fruit shape index) as well as fruit chemical constituents including total soluble solids (TSS%) and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity (PPO). The mean performance of the ten parental lines and their F1 hybrids revealed that the parental genotype P10 behaved as the earliest parent, in the meantime, it had the highest plant height, average fruit length, fruit shape index and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity (PPO). Also, parental line P5 had the heaviest total yield per plant and had significantly the same T.S.S % value of P10 (medium value) and grand mean of all parents. The maximum significant heterosis over mid-parent (MP) in desirable direction was recorded for total yield/plant (130.63 %), followed by plant height (80.98 %), fruit shape index (42.86%)primary branches (42.20%), average fruit diameter (35.38%), T.S.S. % (22.89%), average fruit length (23.16%) and days to 50 % flowering (-8.15%). The maximum significant heterobeltiosis heterosis over better parent (BP) in desirable direction was recorded for total yield/plant (96.67%) followed by plant height (44.72%), primary branches (29.13%), average fruit diameter (22.22%), T.S.S. % (21.43%), fruit shape index (18.42%), average fruit length (18.39%), and days to 50 %flowering (-7.68 %). The GCA and SCA mean squares were significant for all traits under this study viz., plant height, number of primary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, total yield per plant, physical fruit characters viz., average fruit length, average fruit diameter and fruit shape index as well as fruit chemical constituents including polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity (PPO), total phenols content and total flavonoid content. Therefore, these crosses combinations can be exploited commercially for fruit yield and quality of eggplant and, utilized in breeding programmes to improve local eggplant genotypes in Egypt