الفهرس 
Stages of Iron DeficiencyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency affecting nearly one-third of the population and is the leading cause of anemia worldwide.
The aim of this study is Estimation of the prevalence and identify possible risk factor of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among a representative sample of children (6months-11years) in Kafr El-Dawar district, El-Beheira Governorate.
This study was conducted from January 2021- January 2022 on children aged 6months - 11 years old selected from different places some of them those who attended the pediatric outpatient clinics in kafr el-dawar central hospital and others from relatives after confirmed written consent from the parents.
We complete our study with 200 children who. We took blood samples from children for Hb, serum ferritin and CRP. Anthropometric measurements such as weight and height were measured for children. Z-scores for length\height-for-age (HAZ) for all children, weight-for-age (WAZ) for children less than 10 years, weight-for-length\height (WHZ) for children less than 5 years, and Body mass index (BMI) for age for the children aged more than 5 years. Nutritional status was defined as underweight if WAZ was less than − 2 standards deviation (SD), stunting if HAZ was less than -2SD, and wasting if WHZ was less than -2SD.
Determining the patients was according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Our study included total 200 children divided into 2 age groups: 6months to less than or equal to 5years Group: 100 children (50%
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male and 50% female) and more than 5years to less than or equal to 11years Group: 100 children (48% male and 52% female). According to the result of Hb, serum ferritin and CRP each group divided into 3 categories (iron sufficiency, iron deficiency without anemia and iron deficiency with anemia).
In the age group of 6 months to less than or equal to 2 years, the prevalence of iron deficiency without anemia was 17.5% while the prevalence of IDA in same age group was 65%.
In the age group of 6 months to less than or equal to 5 years, the prevalence of iron deficiency without anemia was 21% while the prevalence of IDA in same age group was 43%.
In the age group more than 5years to less than or equal to 11 years, the prevalence of iron deficiency without anemia was 17% while the prevalence of IDA in same age group was 31%.
There was a statistically significant association between iron status and age.
Being below 2 years, this increase the risk of having IDA.As IDA was significantly higher in children below 2years.
Also there was a statistically significant association between iron status and weight, height and BMI.
Being below 5 years, this increase the risk of being severely underweight, wasted and stunting in presence of iron deficiency anemia.
Being above 5 years, this increase the risk of being overweight, obese and stunting in presence of iron deficiency anemia.
So we concluded that: Increase prevalence of iron deficiency anemia below age of 2 years, IDA is associated with wasted and
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stunted children at age category below 5 years and with children with overweight , obesity and stunting at age category above 5 years than non-anemic children .So we recommend that Pediatricians should raise awareness about iron deficiency and its sequelaee, Screening of iron deficiency anemia especially below age of 2 years to decrease its prevalence and impact on children, Proper complementary feeding with iron rich foods to decrease iron deficiency anemia between infants and children and finally treatment of iron deficiency anemia as early as possible to decrease its effect on infants and children.