الفهرس 
Title : Expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in thyroid neoplasms (Immunohistochemical & Histopathological Study)
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Abstract
Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to evaluate the immuno-histochemical expression of PD-L1 in cases of thyroid neoplasms and to correlate between PD-L1 and clincopathological features of thyroid neoplasms. METHODS: Fourty total & hemithyroidectomy specimens; collected from the Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University and other private labs. The clinical data of these patients including age and sex were taken from their pathology requisition sheets enclosed with the specimens. Two slides were prepared from each paraffin embedded tumor block, one slide was stained for Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining for histopathological reassessment and the other positively charged slide was stained immunohistochemically by PDL-1 monoclonal antibody. The immunohistochemical demonstration of the immunohistochemical marker was accomplished by using immunoperoxidase method. Brown cytoplasmic with or without membrane staining was considered positive expression. Immunostaining scores were based on the percentage positivity and staining intensity. Percentage positive scores were assigned according to the following scale: 0 {u2264} 10%; 1 {u2265} 11{u2013}30%; 2 {u2265} 31{u2013}50%; 3 {u2265} 51{u2013}70%; and 4 {u2265} 71%. Staining intensity was scored semi-quantitatively as follows: 0 (none); 1 (mild); 2 (moderate) and 3 (intense). A total score was then obtained (ranging from 0 to 7) by adding the percentage positivity scores and intensity scores for each section (H-Score)