الفهرس 
Effect of sodium benzoate on Drosophila flies.
ffects of sodium benzoate and some fungal species on immune gene expression of Drosophila melanogaster.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The main objective of this work is to study the effect of sodium benzoate on the adult Drosophila melanogaster strains and also on the behaviour of the larva. Also, study the effect of sodium benzoate on some Drosophila strain’s immunity genes. On the other hand, some fungi species were studied on the Drosophila strain’s immunity genes. Sodium benzoate used as a food additive was researched on Drosophila melanogaster (Tanta, Kafr El-Sheikh, Mansoura, Alexandria, Canton-S, and OR strains) and the effect on some fungi species (Aspergillus species, Trichoderma species, Penicillium spp) on Drosophila melanogaster strains were studied. Adults and larvae in the third larvae stages were fed on the medium of Drosophila with different concentrations of sodium benzoate (SB) 0.007, 0.012, 0.037, 0.050, and 0.075g. Mortality and sex ratio were affected by this treatment so in fifth generation F5 in the number of flies and the sexual ratio reached zero (0%) in the highest concentration of SB (0.075 g) in Kafr El-Sheikh flies and the mortality reached its highest rate in the highest concentration of sodium benzoate which was 98.03%. In the ninth and final generation (F9) of the Tanta flies. Behaviour experiments choice were carried out on third larvae after being treated with different sodium benzoate concentrations. Sodium benzoate (SB) concentrations from 0.007 g to 0.075 g recorded avoidance in different generations of more than -7 in Tanta, Mansoura, and Alexandria strains at 8 minutes. Real-Time PCR (Rt. PCR) was used to determine gene expression of Im1 and Im2 genes, gene expression was zero for the highest SB concentration for Im1 gene in Alexandria flies in the sixth generation, while was 4.52 compared to the control (1.0) for Im2 gene. Im1 and Im2 genes (PCR product) were run in gel electrophoresis. Results led to genetics, behaviour, and toxicity effects of SB on Drosophila melanogaster and the overload to fungi species on the Drosophila strains through the effect of their genes. Thus, it affected fly’s mortality, sex ratio, and behaviour, as well as the gene expression of its immune response Im1and Im2 genes.