الفهرس 
General IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 167 |  |  |
| | | from | 167 | | |
Abstract
Chemical compounds lack chromophoric moiety in their chemical structure are important class of medications with important biological activity. The analysis of these medications is hard, challenging and require special manipulation in order to be determined by UV-Vis method. Nanotechnology can help in solving this problem in a simple and direct way. The aim of this research was to try to develop a new, simple and rapid method for estimation of some selected pharmaceuticals (Alen, Mem, Tobr) having significant clinical effects and no chromophore, through exploitation of the unique physical and optical properties of the type of the nanocrystals used in this research (quantum dots and gold nanoparticles). This thesis research comprises three parts. – Part I: General Introduction This part comprises a general introduction about nanotechnology where it presents brief definition of nanotechnology and its applications, types of nanoparticles, quantum dots’ definition, importance of QDs over organic dyes, physical and chemical properties of QDs, different synthetic methods of QDs, characterization of QDs, various pharmaceutical and biological applications of quantum dots. – Part II: Using Thioglycolic Acid Capped Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots (T GA©CdT e − QDs) for determination of some selected non-chromophoric drugs This part includes three chapters, each chapter comprises the development and validation of new methods for estimation of the selected three medications (Alendronate sodium, Memantine and Tobramycin). * Chapter I: Thioglycolic Acid Capped Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dots (TGA©CdT e−QDs) as a fluorescent probe for estimation of Alendronate sodium In this chapter a new spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for estimation of Alen in its pure form and pharmaceutical tablet dosage form using thioglycolic acid capped cadmium telluride quantum dots as a fluorescent probe. The effect of aqueous TGA©CdT e− QDs volume and the effect of incubation time have been studied. It was found that 1.5 ml of aqueous TGA©CdT e− QDs and 10 min incubation period were the optimum conditions. Using these optimum conditions, the method was linear within the range of 0.2 ug.ml−1 to 0.7 ug.ml−1, with LOD and LOQ 0.0965 and 0.2924 ug.ml−1, respectively, correlation coefficient (r=0.99) and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.99) approaching unity (one) and low intercept. The method applied to Fosamax® tablet dosage form and showed accepted % recoveries in the range of 98.57-102.31% while the %RSD was in the range of 0.26- 1.81. * Chapter II: Spectrofluorimetric estimation of Memantine utilizing TGA©CdT e−QDs as fluorescent probe In this chapter a new spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for estimation of Mem in its pure form using thioglycolic acid capped cadmium telluride quantum dots as a fluorescent probe. * Chapter III: Simple Spectrofluorometric determination of Tobramycin by using a fluorescent probe of (TGA©CdT e− QDs). In this chapter a new spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for estimation of Tobr in its pure form using thioglycolic acid capped cadmium telluride quantum dots as a fluorescent probe. – Part III: Reactivity of Gold nanoparticles towards alendronate, memantine, and tobramycin dependent on different medication concentration This part is a research article under review in BMC Chemistry journal, it discusses gold nanoparticles’s reactivity towards the three chosen medications (Alendronate sodium, Memantine and Tobramycin). The research focused on the reactivity and stability of gold nanopraticles in the absence and presence of these medications. Various factors has been studied such as different levels of drug concentrations (milli-, micro,- and nano- levels), different volumes of gold nanoparticles solution, effect of reaction time. HRTEM and DLS have been done and it was obvious that the core diameter was relatively stable in all cases, whereas the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential varied with varying drug concentrations only. Hydrodynamic diameters increased with increasing drug concentrations as following, where almost negligibly with alendronate (from 52.08 to 58.94 nm, slightly with memantine (from 64.99 to 98.41 nm), dramatically with tobramycin (from 135.3 to 332.16 nm) On the other hand, Zeta Potentials reduced as concentrations increase where memantine had the greatest reduction in negativity, followed by tobramycin, but alendronate had a slight increase in negativity. This research could be beneficial in targeting drugs, as stability and reactivity of gold nanoparticles are critical. This thesis contains 137 pages including 40 figures, 27 tables, and 89 references, besides the arabic summary.