الفهرس 
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Abstract
Economic Research in Egypt, (2016) Citrus is one of the most important horticultural crops in Egypt due to its high economic value for the local markets and export. The total exportation of citrus reached 1,667,750 and 1,616,821 tons of fruits through 2016 and 2017, respectively. The total area occupied by citrus in 2016 was 485,940 feddans that produced 4,272,886 tons of fruits. from such area; 163,932 feddans were cultivated by Washington navel orange trees representing 33.74% of the total area; producing 1,489,536 tons of fruits; representing about 34.86% of total citrus production. Oranges take the foreground of citrus varieties, especially Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck). Navel orange plays a dominant role not only in the local market but also for exportation as one of the major citrus fruit crops in Egypt. June DROP and pre-harvest fruit DROP are extensive in many Egyptian orchards, as the Navel orange is a parthenocarpic cultivar and consequently eliminating yield and fruit quality (Saleem et al., 2007).
Washington Navel orange is the most favorite and the popular fresh fruits in Egypt due to its seedless, large size, nutritive value, flavor and aroma characteristics. It is also a valuable source of early-seaso