الفهرس 
Introduction .Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A relatively recent technique which involves preservation of tooth structure as well as an esthetic restoration is the SMART technique which combines the use of SDF to arrest caries and a glass ionomer cement restoration for esthetics. While this technique has the benefit of minimal tooth reduction as well as the caries arresting property of both SDF and a glass ionomer cement, little research has been performed on the combined effects of these products.(166) The benefit of using SDF/KI solution is that it does not stain the teeth black as occurs with SDF alone. In addition, SDF/KI solution seems to have some antibacterial action, which may be useful for deep cavities that still contain infected carious tissue. The solution could be used as a spot application prior to placement of a temporary or definitive restoration.(8)
Consequently, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of SDF application and SDF with KI application to sound and demineralized dentine on macro shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cements.
In total, 60 sound molars were prepared and molded then half of samples were immersed into lab made demineralizing solution to create dentin demineralization. All samples are divided into six groups according to dentin substrate and surface treatment using SDF or SDF with KI (10 specimen / group). group 1: Sound dentin without surface treatment, group 2: sound dentin with SDF application, group 3: Sound dentin with SDF/KI application, group 4: Demineralized dentin without surface treatment, group 5: demineralized dentin with SDF application, group 6: demineralized dentin with SDF/KI application. SDF or SDF/KI were applied on the occlusal surface according to the manufacturer instructions followed by resin modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) (Fuji II LC Capsule, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) placed in a plastic cylindrical shaped mold using pediatric catheter tube (3-mm height and 3-mm diameter). Macro shear bond strength was measured using Universal testing machine. Means and Standard deviation for each group were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with R statistical analysis software version 4.1.2 for Windows. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to study the effect of different tested variables and their interaction. The significance level was set at p ≤0.05 within all tests.
Regarding the effect of type of dentin on macro shear bond strength of Glass ionomer cements to sound and demineralized dentine, our results revealed that Demineralized dentine (7.74±2.98) MPa had a significantly higher macro shear bond strength value than sound dentine (4.71±2.03) MPa. table (5) and figure (21).
Regarding the effect of each surface treatment on macro shear bond strength of Glass ionomer cements to sound dentine, our results of first three groups showed that the highest value was found in group 3 (SDF/KI) (5.95±2.04), followed by group 2 (SDF) (4.27±1.55), while the lowest value was found in group 1 (no surface treatment) (3.97±2.09) in table (8) and figures (24). There was no significant difference between group 1, 2 and 3 (p=0.106).
Regarding the effect of each surface treatment on macro shear bond strength Glass ionomer cements to demineralized dentine comparing to sound dentine, our results of second three groups showed that the highest value was found in group 6 (SDF/KI) (9.90±2.33), followed by group 5 (SDF) (6.47±2.81), while the lowest value was found in group 4 (no surface treatment) (6.39±2.45) in table (8) and figures (24). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed group 6 (SDF/KI) had the highest statistically significant macro shear bond strength than other two groups 4 and 5 (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Under limitation of this study, the following conclusions could be suggested:
1. Treatment of sound dentine surface by SDF or SDF with KI does not affect bonding to light cured resin modified glass ionomer cement.
2. Treatment of demineralized dentine by SDF with KI positively affect bond strength to light cured resin modified glass ionomer cement.
3. Treatment of demineralized dentine with SDF does not affect bond strength to light cured resin modified glass ionomer cement.