الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Air, water, and soil are the three pillars of life; therefore, they are the basic components that are adversely affected by environmental pollution [1]. Clean water has been a valuable resource for the preservation of all life on the Earth and considers one of the vital elements of life [2, 3]. Clean water is of supreme importance due to the increasing population, industrialization and other environmental impacts [4, 5]. Lack of clean water has a catastrophic influence on biodiversity and aquatic life on Earth [6] that has an indirect impact on human health. Wastes considers the main cause of environmental problems. Wastes come from production and consumption activities of humans, from home scale to industrial scale. Liquid discharge from these production and consumption activities has been the main pollutants in the water environment. At the global level, potentially toxic pollution for instance organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants is a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems due to the toxicity, bioaccumulation and non-degradable features of these pollutants [7, 8]. Man-origin activities and natural processes are resultant toxic elements to the aquatic life, that accumulated into sediments and biota [9]. Under specific water environmental circumstances, such as pH, hydrodynamic action, and salinity, harmful substances can easily rejoin the water column [10]. Therefore, it is difficult to identify sources of pollution due to the controversial change in these environmental conditions. Common contaminants found in water are heavy metals from industrial effluents [11], toxic gases [12-14], and organic substances [13]. Toxins contained or released from wastewater have more severe consequences as their concentration rises, to the point where the environment’s ecological function can be seriously harmed. Heavy metals are examples of dangerous aquatic chemical that gets a lot of attention. Even in trace amount, they can bring significant consequences to the aquatic system, due to their very slow degradability. Cadmium, for example, is a mass-produced waste coming from batteries, fertilizer, and alloy industries, and it has raised global concerns over its higher than the allowed concentration in water [15].