الفهرس 
SUPERVISORSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Upconversion (UCNPs) is a non-linear anti-Stokes technique for transforming two or more low-energy stimulation photons, most often NIR light, into some kind of higher-energy photon (e.g., NIR, visible, ultraviolet). It utilizes the long-life time and real ladder-like energy levels of trivalent lanthanide ions doped with inorganic host particle. Of these inorganic host particles, Chlorophyll types differ from other photosensitizers in a number of ways (PSs). Furthermore, the wavelength acceptable for chlorophyll kinds was longer than the wavelength suited for hematoporphyrin types. Because UCNPs are employed in biological methods, their potential toxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. UCNPs cannot be quickly incorporated into biological systems. Work Goals: The toxicity of sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4) erbium (Er+3) and ytterbium (Yb+3) doped upconversion nanomaterial (NaYF4: Er3+, Yb3+) as well as the possibility of acute toxic effects of copper chlorophyllin-upconversion nanocomposites (Cu-Chl-UCNPs) were assessed in rats. Materials and Methods: In our study, forty-eight adult male white albino rats weighing 150 to 200 gm. each were used. We categorized them into four groups, each with 12 rats. Each interval had six rats. These four groups: group I (untreated) is the control group, group II NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+doped upconversion nanoparticles: Rats were given a single intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of (NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+) upconversion nanoparticles and were observed for acute toxicity at two time points: 24 hours and 14 days post injection (compared with control group.). group III SCC: Rats received a single intravenous injection of 250µg/kg sodium copper chlorophyllin and were observed for acute toxicity at two different times, 24 hours and 14 days after injection (compared with control group.). . group IV Cu-Chl-UCNPs: Rats were given a single intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg copper chlorophyllin-upconversion nanocomposites and were observed for acute toxicity at two different times: 24 hours and 14 days after injection (compared with control group.). End results: No considerable discrepancies between all of the studied groups were recorded. In addition, the current study found that the percent of DNA damage was insignificant in the upconversion and the upconversion with chlorophyllin groups, compared to the control group. Furthermore, the results on rats revealed no obvious signs of abnormalities in their major organs, including the liver and kidney. Conclusion: This may reflect the safety of erbium (Er+3) and ytterbium (Yb+3) doped upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+) doped upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+) doped upconversion nanoparticles and also may assess the safety of copper chlorophyllin-upconversion nanocomposites (Cu-Chl).