الفهرس 
Chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fuel oil fly ash (HFOA) is a powdered residue generated in large amount by plants that use oil as the source of fuel, as power and water desalination plants. the produced HFOA is collected using electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) installed in the major facilities and, frequently, disposed into landfills.
However, the disposal of HFOA is a major environmental challenge for thermal power plants; it produces a dispersion of heavy metals in the surrounding groundwater and soil that may cause a serious contamination of water and soil with heavy metal.
The physical and chemical properties of two different HOFA samples have been examined. Standard batch leaching tests were conducted in order to identify the mobility of potentially hazardous elements within HOFA. The results indicated that most of the toxic elements in HOFA can easily leach into the environment, which might result in toxicity to ecosystems and humans through contamination of the surface and groundwater.
The two HOFA samples presented both differences and similarities in their properties. However, characteristics analysis showed a high percentage of unburned carbon, less toxic metals, and an extremely porous particle surface and contain valuable heavy metals such as (Vanadium) and (Nickel), This would have environmental and economic benefits and also reduce HOFA management costs.
The human health risks presented in this study are estimated based on the direct inhalation of dust by the population living surrounding the FA dumping area. The deposition of dust is another factor that may cause nearby soil and water pollution.
Most of the FA leaks comes from uncontrolled loading, improper transportation of FA by none equipped transportation means and finally open disposal of Fly ash to open dump sites. Also, we may add the illegal disposal of fly ash by the truck’s drivers at illegal dumpsites.
A new and innovative System established to manage the fly ash properly to decrease the FA leak during collection, transportation, treatment and final safe disposal.
The study also explained the hazardous impacts accompany with the Carbon Ash leak which belong to the easily leaching of the Heavy metals to the Environment even to the Surface water or Ground water, with its harmful impacts on the Environmental Health to all Habitat.
The established system at Saudi Arabia, strongly participate in achieving Significant Environmental benefits, represented in decrease the Ash leak to the Environment during all management phases.
The Study recommend to dissemination this system after adding of some improvements especially this belong to the treatment and extracting the valuable metals from the ash and reuse the ash in other industries.