الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the factors affecting the in vitro propagation and developing of laboratory system to obtain a higher mass production of such important plants of the Egyptian desert. This study conducted on Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) and Hawthorn (Crataegus sinaica Boiss.) grown at Saint Catherin valleys and mountains in the period from March 2017 to March 2019. The laboratory system of in vitro propagation of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) and Hawthorn (Crataegus sinaica Boiss.) was achieved by obtaining the best sterilization treatment for both plants and achieving a successful establishment by obtaining sterile cultures and increasing proliferation rate for both plants, in addition to increase multiply shoots in the jars by the best concentrations of PGRs in the multiplication stage. The rooting and acclimatization stage successfully achieved in Quince plantlets but did not achieve in Hawthorn plant, so, more studies were recommended in the future to achieve rooting stage in Hawthorn. And the conservation strategy for both plants by encapsulation/dehydration technique was done. The genetic characterization between collected individuals of both plants was performed using ISSR-PCR and the genetic distance between Tynia Valley Quince and Mousa Mountain Quince is shorter than the Jbaal Valley Quince, while the genetic distance between Jbaal Valley Hawthorn and Tynia Valley Hawthorn seems not existed and the plants collected from these regions were much similar to each other according to the genetic characterization but Mousa Mountain Hawthorn was more different from the other regions. In addition, the evaluation of gene stability was done also by using RAPD-PCR of in vitro propagated plants produced by tissue culture techniques. The resulted data revealed that there is not any differentiation in the genetic material of these plants. The resulted data were tested and statistically analyzed by using SPSS program.This work consists of three parts having several stages. The results of this work will be presented as follows: 5.1 In vitro propagation protocol: Stem segment as explant containing one or two axillary buds resulted a maximum mean proliferation percentage for both plants (95% in Quince and 80% in Hawthorn) and was more efficient in establishment stage than shoot tip as explant (80% in Quince and 55% in Hawthorn). The best sterilization treatment of Quince explants was with Sodium hypochlorite (Clorox 5.25% NaOCl) 20% for 15 minutes then mercuric chloride 0.1% for 10 minutes with survival percentage of 90% and the culture asepsis percentage of 100%. The best sterilization treatment to Hawthorn explants was with Sodium hypochlorite (Clorox 5.25%) 20% for 20 minutes then mercuric chloride Summary 134 0.1% for 10 minutes with survival percentage of 80% and the culture asepsis percentage of 90%. The best treatment of antioxidant was with Ascorbic acid 100 mg/L and Citric acid 150 mg/L for both plants. The best proliferation rate was 95% and the maximum mean number of axillary shoots per explant was 5.20 in Quince by adding 2.0 mg/L BA, 1.0 mg/L 2ip and 0.2 mg/L IBA to MS medium while the highest length of shoots per explant was 12.5 cm by adding of 2.0 mg/L BA, 1.0 mg/L 2ip, 0.2 mg/L NAA.
The best proliferation rate in Hawthorn was 80% achieved by two treatments; MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IBA, and MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L Kin, while the maximum number of shoots per explant was 3.5 obtained on MS medium with adding 2 mg/L BA, 1 mg/L 2iP and 0.2 mg/L IBA, and the highest mean length of shoots per explant was 1.40 cm obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L Kin. The best multiplication treatment of Quince was achieved by MS medium with 3.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L 2iP resulted in 12.71 shoots per explant with mean Length 5.38 cm. The best multiplication treatment of Hawthorn was achieved by MS medium with 2.0 mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L Kin which gave 12.92 shoots per explant with mean length 2.87cm. The best treatment in elongation for Quince was MS with 0.5 mg/L GA3, 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L Kin which resulted 10.01cm increasing in length. While, the best elongation treatment for Hawthorn was MS with 2.0mg/L GA3, 2.0mg/L Kin and 0.5mg/L 2iP which resulted 4.34cm increasing in length. The best rooting treatments of Quince gave the highest percentage of rooting 90% was accomplished by two treatments; the first treatment was by immersion of shoots in IBA solution 1mg/1ml for 10 seconds, then culturing these shoots in MS half strength liquid medium with 1mg/L IBA in light for 4 weeks and the mean number of roots per shoot was 5.72 with mean length of roots per shoot 6.43cm. The second treatment was by culturing the shoots in full strength MS liquid with 2 mg/L IBA for 1 week in darkness then transferring in MS half strength liquid auxin free for 4 weeks in light with highest mean number of roots per shoot 6.23 in all rooting treatments and the mean length of roots per shoots was 6.29cm. Also, the treatments of 2.0 and 2.5mg/L IBA in MS liquid medium gave 90% rooting after 4 weeks with 6.02 and 5.11 mean number of axillary roots/shoot with 5.95cm and 4.55cm mean Summary135