الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The quantity of blood flow to the underlying bone and its susceptibility to resorption may be influenced by the thickness of the gingival tissue.
In the context of the facial-palatal dimension, gingival biotype has been used to define the thickness of the gingiva, which is a genetically determined feature.
The VISTA approach, which is a variant of the double-layer tunnelling technique requiring just a single incision to create the subperiosteal tunnel flap and an entrance for the membrane, is used to enhance thin gingival biotypes.
With or without the use of a wide-ranging wound-healing growth factor, there are numerous distinct advantages to using the minimally invasive VISTA technique to successfully augment thin gingival biotypes.
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or an amniotic membrane were both employed as the supplemented materials (AM)
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a platelet concentrate that has undergone a streamlined manufacturing procedure. Anticoagulant or bovine thrombin aren’t needed in the PRF preparation process.
One of the best healing biomaterials is the PRF membrane. It has all of the necessary criteria to ensure that healing may occur. Polymerized fibrin 3D mesh polymerized in 3D structure; platelets, leukocytes, and growth factors; and the presence of circulating stem cells also, these growth factors have been shown to accelerate bone repair and promote fibroblastic proliferation along with an increase in tissue vascularization. These growth factors have also been shown to increase tissue vascularization.
PRF membranes have been demonstrated to enhance gingival biotype and thicken gingival tissue when used in the augmentation of a thin biotype.
The amniotic membrane (AM), a thin, tough, translucent, and 0.02–0.05 mm avascular composite membrane made of three primary layers: a single epithelial layer, a thick foundation membrane, and an avascular mesenchymal layer, was also employed as a therapy method.
Promotion of epithelialization is one of AM’s numerous characteristics. Stimulating stem cells may be found in a wide range of products that are effective in preventing scarring as well as at reducing inflammation and promoting healing.
The extracellular matrix, which includes fibronectin, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, laminin, and other proteins, is a structural component of the membrane’s architecture.
Gingival biotype in the lower anterior area was treated with either PFR or amniotic membrane in the VISTA procedure in 20 patients between the ages of 25 and 55 years.
from the time before surgery until six months afterward, all clinical measures were statistically significant in both groups. A statistically significant difference in the percentage of biotype thickness between the two groups after six months of follow-up was seen only in group I, where the percentage of biotype thickness increased significantly after one, three, and six months.