الفهرس 
Title : Using of some soil conditioners to enhance efficiency of water used in olive orchard
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was carried out during three growing seasons (2015/ 2016, 2016 /2017 and 2017/2018) on 10 years old Picual trees cultivated at 3 {u00D7} 6 m in sandy soil irrigated with underground waterto assess the impact of soil amendments; super absorbent polymer (SAP) and Bentonite (BENT) under three irrigation levels 100 % (control), 75% and 50 % of full irrigation requirements (IR) on Picual growth, yield and oil content.Soil amendments were applied once to the soil with compost around the olive tree at the first season, and the results were tracked during the 3 seasons of the study compared to not adding (control).The best results was found in full (100%) irrigation requirements (IR) (control treatment), followed by 75% of the IR with high dose of SAP (0.4 % w/w) then high dose of BENT (4g/kg) for vegetative growth, flowering, fruit characteristics and oil quality. Using of SAP at high dose with 75% of the irrigation level surpassed full irrigation treatment for final fruit set especially at the third season (2018), when high temperature prevailing at the period of flower initiation had a deleterious effect on flowering and yield. Also the same treatment, recorded the highest oil fruit content and the highest accumulated oil yield through three seasons. The best physiological parameters (transpiration rate, stomatal resistance diffusion) was found in the control treatment, there is reverse relation between water stress and stomatal resistance diffusion; however 75% of irrigation level with high dose of SAP appeared the closest results to control