الفهرس 
A vehicular ad-hoc networks routing protocol in vehicular crowded urban environment
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Abstract
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a wireless network between vehicles equipped with on-board units. VANET can be used in safety applications, where low latency is of high importance, or for entertainment and Internet access. VANET is a part of the overall vision of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).The nature of the VANET network is dynamic due to the different speeds of vehicles on the roads, and their sudden change of directions/lanes. Therefore, packet routing algorithms in VANETs should take into consideration the fast topology changes. This is usually done by sending beacon packets by the vehicles to all other vehicles, and updating the routing table frequently. This is considered as a high overhead in VANET networks that tremendously decreases the effective throughput.In this work, we introduce Receiver as prOXY (ROXY) VANET routing protocol to overcome the limitations of other protocols. ROXY employs the geographic routing scheme with opportunistic next hop selection to increase the overall network throughput in VANET networks. ROXY main objective is to solve the increasing congestion and collisions in heavy loaded network traffic.The improvement in VANET network is caused by tackling three issues. Firstly, we utilize the spatial resources by using two directed antennas on each vehicle, one on the front side, and one on the back side. The directed antennas are used to send and receive packets from two different directions simultaneously, which efficiently use the transmission medium and increase the overall throughput