الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of BPF extracted from bee venom as antioxidant in the treatment of side effects of diabetes on biochemical , hematological, histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical structure of liver, kidney and testis , RT-qPCR and SDS-PAGE of male albino rats. Intraperitoneal injection of STZ induced a highly significant increase in plasma glucose level compared to control . In comparison with the STZ diabetic group the results indicated that the co-treated groups showed a highly significant improvement in the level of glucose. In liver , STZ diabetic group showed a highly significant increase in plasma ALT and AST levels as compared to normal control group. In the co-treated groups appeared a highly significant improvement in previous parameters compared to STZ diabetic groups. Diabetic group showed a highly significant increase in plasma levels of total protein, albumin and globulin compared to normal control group. In co-treated groups, the results showed that, a highly significant decrease in all tested parameters compared to STZ diabetic group. In kidney, STZ diabetic group showed a highly significant increase in plasma urea, uric acid and
Summary
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creatinine compared to control value. Moreover, in co-treated groups, the results revealed that, a significant and highly significant increase in all previous parameters as compared with STZ diabetic groups, except uric acid in post-treated group which showed a non-significant difference compared to STZ diabetic group. Diabetic animals showed a highly significant decrease in serum LH level and a significant decrease in FSH and testosterone levels compared to normal control group . In co-treated groups showed a significant and highly significant increase in all tested parameters treated with BPF or diabetic groups treated with BPF except post-treated group in which a non-significant change as compared to STZ diabetic group . Diabetic group, showed a highly significant decrease in plasma catalase level and showed a non-significant change (P>0.05) in glutathione reductase level compared to control value. In the diabetic groups treated with BPF showed a significant and highly significant increase in the two parameters compared to STZ diabetic groups Diabetic group showed a significant and highly significant decrease in all tested hematological parameters except MCV and MCH, which showed non-significant change (P>0.05) compared to control value.