الفهرس 
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumonaie is a major cause of hospital acquired infections. Also emergence of multidrug resistant klebsiella pneumonaie is a major problem worldwide commonly pose a serious threat to the patients because of an increased fatality rate due to the reduced effectiveness of therapy options (Nirwati et al., 2019). Furthermore, its capability to form biofilm prevents penetration of antibiotics and the high level of quorum sensing between cells increases resistance signals. Also proximity of cells within a biofilm can facilitate plasmid exchange which further enhances the spread of antimicrobial resistance(Uruén et al., 2020).
The aim of this study is to test klebsiella pneumonaie isolates, obtained from patients with hospital acquired urinary tract infections, for antibiotic resistance and correlate with its capability to form biofilm.
The total number of samples were 98 urine samples, 13 samples from catheterized patients and 85 samples from non-catheterized patients, out of them 25 klebsiella pneumonaie isolates were obtained. 5 isolates out of the 13 samples obtained from catheterized patients while 20 isolates out of the 85 obtained from non-catheterized patients .
Klebsiella pneumonaie isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 12 different antibiotic and also screened for ESBL production. (100%) were resistant to cefepime, 92% of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, 80% were resistant to both cefotaxime and ceftriaxoneand 72% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 28% were multidrug resistant, 20% were extensive drug resistant and 8% were pandrug resistant. 40% were +ve for ESBL production.
Also 60% of isolates were biofilm producers and 40% were non-biofilm producers. Among these isolates, 24 % formed fully established biofilms, 16 % were categorized as moderately biofilm-producing, and 20 % formed weak biofilms. The antimicrobial resistance among biofilm former strains was found to be significantly higher than that of non-biofilm former strains (p < 0.05).