الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In recent decades, pursuing sustainable development has become vital in all fields, including the building sector. There are expectations that by 2041 more than 66% of the world’s population will live in urban areas or cities. Urbanization is a boon and a significant challenge to global sustainability, as it contributes to environmental destruction and the depletion of biodiversity. Egypt is striving to increase energy exports and efficiency. Smart Buildings (SBs) promote sustainability and are a crucial pillar of smart cities. SBs’ physical infrastructure consists of Smart Systems (SSs), which facilitate the integration of its components and users. Smart energy systems (SESs) are critical SSs in SBs. The purpose of this study is to promote sustainability using SESs, which are categorized into three divisions: smart energy management systems (SEMS), smart energy generation systems (SEGS), and smart energy consumption systems (SECS). It concluded by analyzing many international and local case studies to determine the characteristics of SESs. Then, based on in-depth local surveys, it developed and analyzed 35 initiatives of SESs to address smartness aspects in energy systems (ESs) in order of priority, availability, and cost. These efforts serve as a useful and customized resource for architects, stakeholders, and decision-makers, particularly in Egypt. According to the study findings, only 22 initiatives were implemented by 62.86% and addressed their efficiency. The debate interpreted the absence of 16 absent and ineffective initiatives to overcome technical, economic, and social obstacles to Egypt’s unprecedented urban development decision-making.