الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Achieving safe operative field with minimal intra-operative and post-operative complications depends mainly on a dry surgical field with better visualization during ESS to decrease operative time and reduce post-operative consequences. Many methods were used to reduce intra-operative bleeding during ESS. Such as: pre-operative preparation of nasal mucosa with vasoconstrictor nasal drops and steroids, elevation of the patient{u2019}s head by 30 degree to reduce venous pressure(Hathorn et al., 2013). Usage of bipolar cautery and microdebrider; premedication with beta blockers; a controlled hypotensive anesthesia technique; and total intravenous anaesthesia |