الفهرس 
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Abstract
Finally, from these results it can be concluded that ochratoxin is one of the most effective mycotoxins in laying hens due to its toxicity even at low levels. Ochratoxin produces significant adverse and negative effects on productive performance, blood components, and acts as an immunosuppressive agent in laying hens.
Addition of humate, yeast, and silymarin individually or in combination to laying hens fed on ochratoxin-free diets did not show any negative or noticeable changes, on the contrary, it improved the general health status and productive performance and acted as immunostimulants in laying hens.
Therefore, this study recommends fortifying the rations of laying hens with humate, yeast, and silymarin alone or in combination under all conditions, whether the rations were contaminated or not contaminated with mycotoxins.
Based on the results obtained by this study, it can be recommended to use the additives together if they are available as preventive and effective materials in cases of contamination of diets with ochratoxins.