الفهرس 
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Abstract
”The primary objectives of this trial were to evaluate the effects of single and repeated MOPs on the rate for the total distance travelled by maxillary first molars distally, and the monthly rate for that distal movement. 30 Female patients between 16-20 years of age, meeting the criteria, were included in the trial. They were randomly, and equally allocated into control, single MOP, monthly repeated MOPs groups. Both of them underwent distalization with Miniscrew-supported Fast Back distalizer that had delivered 300 gm of distalization force. 3MOPs with diameter 1.6 mm and depth 5 mm were applied in the interventions groups, distal to the first molars. MOPs were applied with self-drilling TAD (1.6 mm in diameter, 10 mm in length) using 3d printed guide. CBCT images were obtained before and after distaliztion, and digital models were obtained monthly. One-Way ANOV or Independent Samples Kruskle – Wallis tests were used. Repeated MOPs significantly accelerated the rate of distalization of the maxillary first molars at all of the three positions (cusp, center and apex), rather than single MOP and control groups (0.58, 0.54, 0.5 mm/month for cusp, ceneter and apex respectively in repeated MOPs) (P<0.05). As for the monthly distance, both repeated and single MOPs applications had increased the rate of distal movement in the second and third months significantly (P<0.05). Repeated MOPs intervention had successfully accelerated the rate of distal movement of maxillary first molars with almost bodily movement. Furthermore, single MOP accelerated the rate of distal movement for the first molars but less than the repeated MOPs and with increased tipping, torque, rotation of the molars.