الفهرس 
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled autoantibody formation, excessive proinflammatory cytokine production, tissue inflammation and damage to multiple organ systems. It is generally assumed that the derangement of the immune system in SLE takes place as a result of a dysregulation of immune T-cell tolerance. Additionally, cytokines are partly responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory cells.