الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
The present study was carried out to investigate the association of MAEA gene (rs6815464) with the incidence and development of microangiopathic complications and osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic patients in egyptian patients. This association was evaluated to shed light on pathophysiology of microangiopathic complications of type 2 diaibetes mellitus and osteoporosis and identifying risk factors.
This study was conducted on 66 type 2 diabetic patients compared with 67 age and sex matched normal volunteers as a control group. The consecutive patients were recruited from the outpatient and inpatient clinic of the Internal Medicine Department of Beni-Suef University.
We further classified type 2 diabetic patients into 2 groups: group with 33 DM patients with associated diabetic microangiopathy and group with 33 DM patients without diabetic microangiopathy, according to their urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and GFR for diabetic nephropathy, fundus examination for retinopathy and microfilament test for peripheral neuropathy.Genomic DNA was extracted and analysed for MAEA gene (rs6815464) genotype by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using Taqman SNP genotyping assays. Reactions were carried out according to the Manufacture’s protocol.
The results of this study showed that MAEA rs6815464 genotype frequency didn’t differ significantly with p-value>0.055 between diabetic patients with complications, without complications and healthy controls.
The results of this study showed that there was no significant relation between MAEA rs6815464 genotypes and presence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in diabetic patients with complications, patients without complications and free healthy controls.
The DEXA score was significantly lower in diabetic patients with complications and diabetic patients without complications compared to healthy control. With no significant difference between diabetic patients with complications and without complications but osteopenia and osteoporosis were significantly higher in both groups compared to controls.
Our study also showed that NAFLD was significantly higher in dibetic patients than in controls (40.9 % versus1.5 %) respectively with p =0.001*.
In Our study, there was statistically significant difference observed in the age of menopause and BMI between DM with complications and controls. But, no significance between the three studied groups regarding their duration of menopause and waist circumference.
In diabetic subjects who had complications their mean BMI was 26.7±5 kg/m2 and in those without complications mean their mean BMI was 27.2±5 kg/m2, in control mean BMI was 24±3.4 kg/m2 with p = 0.016*.
Based on our findings, there is association between T2DM and low BMD but, there is no significant association of MAEA gene (rs6815464) genotypes with incidince and progression of type2 diabetes mellitus ,osteopenia nor osteoporosis.