الفهرس 
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Abstract
Liver is a vital and principal organ present in all vertebrates (from fish to human). It has a wide range of functions, according to Crawford (1999), including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the creation of biochemicals required for digestion. The burden of liver disease has been rising in Egypt, with the incidence rate tripling in the last two decades. The number of deaths resulting from liver cancer in Egypt had risen from 4% in 1993 to 11% in 2009. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, representing the third leading cause of death from cancer and the fifth most prevalent malignancy worldwide ( Farazi et al., 2006; El-Serag et al ., 2007). Several studies reported that cooking can produce toxic compounds in foods, if the appropriate precursors are present. Cooking processes have been found to be a major source of toxic compounds in foods such PAHs. Although, PAHs can also be formed during curing and processing of raw food prior to cooking (Adeyeye, 2020). Incomplete combustion produces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which can be found in meals like charcoal-grilled and smoked meats. (Emerole et al., 1982; Larsson et al., 1983; Maanen et al., 1994; Bassiouny, 1999; Elhassaneen, 1999-2004; Hassan, 2005). The mutagenicity of BP is dependent upon metabolic activation. So, BP is considered a promutagen ( Elhassaneen 1996; Anita, 2018).
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which includes other well-known members such as ginger, cardamom, and galangal. The plant is a perennial, rhizomatous, herbaceous plant native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, that requires temperatures between 20 and 30 °C and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive( Deshpande et al 1998 ) . Turmeric belongs to the genus Curcuma that consists of hundreds of species of plants that possess rhizomes and underground root like stems and is a medicinal herb of high repute all over the world particularly in South Asia, where it is also used as curry spice in foods, flavoring agent, food preservative, and color agent.( in mustard, margarine, soft drinks, and beverages) (Rathaur et al., 2012). Turmeric contains a wide variety of bioactive compounds including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, zingiberene, curcumenol, curcumol, eugenol, tetrahydrocurcumin, triethylcurcumin, turmerin, turmerones, and turmeronols (Chattopadhyay et al., 2004). Also, it contains 2-8% curcumin. (Payton et al., 2007). According to our knowledge, the studies regarding the potential effects of turmeric on liver diseases are so limited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of turmeric on liver disorders induced by Benzo(a)pyrene in rats.
2.Aim of study
The aims of the present study were determine the effects of turmeric on liver disorders induced by Benzo(a)pyrene in rats. Also, the determination of chemical composition and bioactive compounds in turmeric rhizomes powder will be in the scope of this study.