الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 108 |  |  |
| | | from | 108 | | |
Abstract
Serious diseases endanger livestock industry, so that improved monitoring and rapid confirmatory diagnosis of diseases are required to go forward in the animal health.
This study was carried out in the veterinary medicine teaching hospital, Assiut University, Assiut governorate on 69 male (Friesian x Balady) cattle calves (12-18 months old). A same age and breed-matching group consisted of healthy 15 male calves was selected from adjacent regions as a control group. According to the close physical examination, clinical signs and routine laboratory diagnosis, the diseased group was classified into three major groups. group one included calves affected with respiratory diseases (N=24), which was subdivided into three sub-groups according to a developed clinical scoring system that attributes severity of cases into mild (G1), moderate (G2) and severe (G3). group two calves suffering from digestive disorders (N=25) and divided into three subgroups, rumenal impaction (N=10), ruminal tympany (N=7) and traumatic reticuloperitonitis (N=8). The third main group included calves suffering from internal parasites (N=20) based on fecal analysis and divided into two sub-groups. The first was infected with gastrointestinal (GIT) nematode (N=10) and the second was infected with liver flukes (N=10).
A through case history and clinical examination were recorded and documented. Blood was sampled from each calf by jugular vein puncture for hematological and biochemical investigations. Hematological investigations included determination of hemogram including red blood cells count (RBCs), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and leucogram including total leukocytic count and differential leukocytic count. Biochemical analysis included determination of serum levels of the proteinogram, hepatic enzymes and determination of some trace elements.
In calves with respiratory disorders according to clinical scoring system, the RBC count and Hb decreased in G2 and decreased more in G3, whereas the reduction was the same in G2 and G3 for PCV. In contrast, TLC increased in G2 and increased more in G3 in comparison with the control calves. Lymphocyte count did not differ between groups (P>0.05). However, compared to the control group neutrophyles and Monocytes count increased and dramatically as the respiratory score increased in G1, G2 and G3. Blood serum total proteins and globulins showed a significant increase in G2 and G3 in comparison with the control calves. The reverse was true for blood serum albumin with lowered A/G ratio were noticed. Blood serum AST and ALT activities showed a significant increase in G2 and G3 in comparison with the control calves. However, blood serum γ-GT activity increased in G3 only in comparison with the control calves. Blood serum Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations decreased in G2 and G3 compared to controls.
Results of calves suffered from digestive disorders indicated that RBCs count, Hb and PCV increased in calves suffering from ruminal impaction, ruminal tympany and decreased in calves with TRP compared to controls. Instead, TLC increased in calves suffering from ruminal impaction, ruminal tympany and the increase was more pronounced in calves suffering from TRP compared to controls. Compared to the control group, lymphocytes count decreased in calves suffering from ruminal impaction, ruminal tympany and TRP. In contrast, neutrophyles, monocytes and eosinophils count increased in calves suffering from ruminal impaction, ruminal tympany and dramatically increased in calves suffering from TRP comparison with the control calves. Total proteins and globulins increased in calves suffering from ruminal impaction, but decreased in ruminal tympany and enormously increased in calves suffering from TRP in comparison with the control calves. No significant changes for blood serum albumin in ruminal impaction and TRP groups. However, blood serum albumin decreased in calves with in ruminal tympany without changes in for blood serum total globulins in comparison with the control calves. Lowered A/G ratio were noticed. AST and ALTactivities increased in calves suffering from ruminal impaction, ruminal tympany and extremely increased in calves suffering from TRP in comparison with the control calves. However, blood serum γ-GT activity increased in calves suffering from TRP only in comparison with the control calves. Fe and Zn concentrations decreased whereas serum Cu concentration increased in calves suffering from TRP compared to controls.
Results of calves suffered from internal parasites indicated that RBCs count, Hb concentration and PCV decreased in calves suffering from fascioliasis and the reduction was more severe in calves suffering from GIT parasites compared to controls. Instead, TLC increased in calves suffering from GIT parasites and fascioliasis in comparison with the control calves. Neutrophyles and monocytes count increased in calves suffering from GIT parasites and fascioliasis. Total proteins and albumin decreased in calves suffering from GIT parasites and severely decreased in calves suffering from fascioliasis in comparison with the control calves with no significant changes for blood serum globulin between groups. Lowered A/G ratio were noticed. AST and ALT activity increased in calves suffering from GIT parasites and extremely increased in calves suffering from fascioliasis in comparison with the control calves. However, blood serum γ-GT activity increased in calves suffering from fascioliasis only. Fe and Cu concentrations decreased in calves suffering from fascioliasis and extremely decreased in calves suffering from GIT parasites compared to controls. On the other hand, blood serum Zn concentrations decreased in calves suffering from GIT parasites and fascioliasis compared to controls.