الفهرس 
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Abstract
Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear wall, is an effective primary
earthquake resisting system in tall buildings due to strong stiffness and
large shear-force resisting capacity. Shear walls may be provided with
openings due to the functional requirements of the building. The size and
location of openings may play a significant role in the response of shear
walls. Though it is a well-known fact that the size of openings affects the
structural response of shear walls significantly, there is no clear consensus
on the behavior of shear walls under different opening locations.
The work presented in this thesis aims to study the dynamic behavior
of shear walls under various opening locations and distributions by
performing an experimental program on four reinforced concrete walls
subjected to lateral concentered load 100 mm from the top of the wall.
The shear wall specimens have dimensions of 1000 mm width,
150mm thickness, and 2000mm height. The Specimens were titled as
follows: (Wall1) for solid wall, (Wall2) for wall with a central opening
(500mm× 500mm), (Wall3) for wall with two vertical central openings
(250mm×500mm), and (Wall4) for wall with two horizontal central
openings (250mm×500mm). All walls have the same flexural longitudinal
reinforcement.
The ultimate failure load, cracking pattern, load-displacement, and
load-strain were recorded for each of the wall specimens and a comparison
between the results of different walls was conducted. from the results
obtained, it was observed that the use of two horizontal openings are an
effective approach to enhance the stiffness of reinforced concrete shear
wall when an opening is required.
Abstract
Another approach was used to analyze the tested walls specimens
and verify their results using the nonlinear finite element method.
ANSYS19 was used as it gives the insight to understanding the parameter
that affects the results; predicting the cracking and failure modes properly.
The program was used to verify the tested specimens as well as proposing
different openings in shear walls for additional possible design
requirements. The finite element models were divided into three groups of
similar possible design requirements a comparison between the test result
and ANSYS outputs was also presented. The groups were made to simulate
and choose the optimum area, positioning, and orientation for window,
ducts, and door-sized openings. Outputs include the ultimate failure load,
cracking pattern, load-displacement graphs. The ANSYS program showed
good agreement with the experimentally tested walls as the difference
between both the analytical and the theoretical model did not exceed 20%.