الفهرس 
Intracutaneous or subcutaneous sterile water injectionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Labor pain is probably the most severe pain a woman experiences throughout her life. Labor pain is one of the factors making the mothers not tolerate labor and request for elective cesarean section. This pain is caused mainly
by the hypoxia of muscles, lactic acidosis, lower uterine segment distention, stretching of the ligaments, and pressure on the pelvis. The pain of the early first stage of labor comes from the dilatation of the lower segment of the uterus and cervix. The pain of the late first stage and second stage of labor arises from the fetus descending in the birth canal and tearing of tissues in the vagina and perineum (Almassinokiani et al., 2020). Labor pain is a powerful respiratory stimulus. Hyperventilation during uterine contractions may cause severe respiratory alkalosis and a leftward shift of the maternal oxygenated hemoglobin dissociation curve, leading to fetal hypoxemia. The pain and stress of childbirth can activate the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in increased plasma catecholamine concentration, cardiac output,
and blood pressure. The increase in catecholamine can also lead to a decrease in uterine blood flow. Severe labor pain can also cause serious psychological trauma, leading to an increased risk of postpartum depression (Qi et al., 2021). The purpose of the present study was to assess the perception of pregnant women toward using analgesia during labor. A descriptive research design was utilized in carrying out the current study.it was carried out in the different selected settings in the Obstetric department of University Hospital, Shebin El-Koom Teaching Hospitals &Maternal and child health care center (Kebly) The sample type in this study was a convenience sample of pregnant women attending the three selected research settings. The total sample size (500 women) was taken from the following setting (100 from MCH center in Qebly, 175 women from Shiben Elkom Teaching Hospital, and 175 women from Menoufia University Hospital. Throughout the course of the present study, data were collected using instruments which are developed by the researcher and revised by qualified experts, then tested for validity and reliability. Two instruments were developed and used for data collection.
Instrument I (Appendix A):A specialized designed self-structured interviewing questionnaire was developed based on the review of currently related literature and used by the researcher to collect the necessary data about the study subjects. It comprised of I. Part 1: Structured interviewing questionnaire to assess pregnant women socio-demographic and obstetric data such as age, educational level, gestation age, type of family, monthly income. II. Part 2: Assessment of perception of antenatal women about analgesia during labor. Approaches to ensure ethics were considered in the study regarding confidentiality and informed consent. Confidentiality was achieved by the use of closed sheets with the name of the participating women replaced by numbers. All women were informed that the information they provided during the study would be kept confidential and used only for statistical purposes and after finishing the study, the finding would be presented as a group of data with no personal participants information remained. Regarding the finding of the current study; the pregnant women had poor perception toward using analgesia during labor (65.9%). In addition, the present study also concluded that the majority of studied women got their information about labor analgesia from mass media and there is a poor communication channel between nurses and attending women in the mentioned setting. Based on the present stud finding, the research question is answered and the following recommendation is suggested such as increasing the perception of pregnant women about using analgesics during labor, enhancing nurses knowledge about analgesics during labor, and engage information about labor analgesia into antenatal health educational session.