الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pre diabetes is a condition where blood glucose is above normal, but it does not measure up to the criteria of diabetes mellitus. The traditional diabetes screening methods, including FPG, OGTT or HbA1c test, are invasive, and expensive. This is one of the important reasons why there are a large number of diabetic patients remaining undiagnosed. Prevention and reversibility are the key of pre diabetes .
The aim of the present study is to develop a valid ,simple, reliable, and cost-effective clinical scoring model to facilitate the early detection of pre diabetes among Egyptian population in Beni-Suef governorate .A Nested case-control study of about four hundreds person in control (normal)group and two hundreds person in case(pre diabetes) group of patients relatives . This study was done in the period from July 2019 to July 2020.
All the included subjects were above 18 years old. We excluded all subjects known to be diabetics or have the classic sign and symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia) , chronic depleting diseases, endocrinal disorders that affect blood glucose levels, pregnancy, labored from two months or less and those who were taking drugs known to influence blood glucose levels e.g. metformin, thiazolidinedione and steroids. We collected serum samples from all participant and did HB A1c test .The control subjects were those having normal HA1c(less than 5.7%) .Pre diabetes is diagnosed with HbA1c ratio more than or equal to 5.7 and less than or equal 6.4.
We created pre diabetes scoring system including four easily measured parameters . The scores assigned are 1 if MAP ≥87 mmHg, 1 if participant is obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), 1 if WC is high, and 3 if acanthosis is present, with a maximum total score of 6 points. A cutoff value of 2 points or more
Laboratory screening for pre diabetes is recommended if an individual has acanthosis, or two of the other three risk factors, namely, MAP of ≥87 mmHg, obesity, and WC ≥102 (if male), or ≥88 (if female).