الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this study a total of 76 patients with the ASA grades I and II were scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery to compare the anti-shivering effect of hydrocortisone with that of ketamine during spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery, in addition to evaluating any side effects of such medications.
Full medical history and examination was done to every patient.
The patients were allocated randomly and divided in to 2 equal groups:
group H: Received 2 mg/kg hydrocortisone (n = 38).
group K : Received 0.25 mg/kg ketamine (n = 38).
Our study results showed a significant decrease in the incidence of shivering in: ketamine group (10.5%) in comparison with the hydrocortisone group (31.9%). Sedation was observed in group who received ketamine (65.8 %), (50.0%) degree 2 and (15.79%) degree 3. And {4} patients in hydrocortisone group as side effect of meperidine.
There was decrease in peripheral body temperature in 2 studied groups from start of surgery till 10 minutes after start of surgery and1 st and 2nd hour postoperative and there was statistically significant difference between 2 groups but clinically not significant.
Regarding (heart rate) there was no statistically significant differences between means of pulse in the two studied groups, except at times 35,45 P value <0.05 which is statistically significant difference but clinically no significant difference.
Regarding (mean Arterial Blood Pressure) there was no statistically