الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
HCV is one of the major causes of chronic liver diseases around the world. The long-run outcome of infection with HCV is very variable. The hepatic affection can vary from minimal changes on th histological level up to diffuse hepatocellular necrosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis that could eventually progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In Egypt, the results of national survey conducted by the Egyptian ministry of health showed that its prevalence in those over 18 years is about 4%. Egyptians were able to change the prevalence of HCV marvelously toward a rapid and evident declination and that success can be granted for the presidential national program and the directly acting antiviral drugs (DAADs) whom they target a foreseeable HCV elimination by 2030.
Cirrhosis is characterized histopathologically by persistent hepatocytes necrosis, abnormal regeneration, progressive fibrosis, formation abnormal nodular structure replacing the normal hepatic architecture. It is considered as the final stage of any progressive hepatic illness, regardless of its etiology. Early cirrhosis is generally asymptomatic and clinically silent followed by slow transition to decompensation with ascites, variceal bleeding, jaundice and hepatic encephalopathy as the main decompensating events.
Portal hypertension is one of the main consequences of cirrhosis defined as a abnormal increase in the pressure gradient between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava which is measured by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) greater than 5 mmHg which leads to esophageal varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and splenomegaly.