الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Alexandria is regarded as one of the world’s oldest continually inhabited coastal cities. It is Egypt’s second-largest city, Egypt’s main coastal resort, and one of the Mediterranean Sea’s main ports, as well as a prominent economic, business, industrial, and cultural capital. Alexandria beaches as well as a variety of underwater ancient sites attract about two million visitors and four million residents each summer. In the current century, with the increase of tourist village numbers and the existence of coastal problems west of Alexandria, many coastal measures have been executed within the coastal zone. Coastal environments are inherently stable, but any human intervention disrupts the system’s dynamic equilibrium. This study seeks to understand the hydrodynamic processes in the area between El- Agami and Sidi Krir, which consider one of the main recreational areas for the citizens in Alexandria. Manmade coastal protective structures increase with the increase of population, more than 10 million people inhabit along the northern coastal region of Egypt 40% of them lives in Alexandria. As a consequence of human interference in the nature of the Alexandria coastal zone, many beaches are affected and suffer from variations in the nearshore hydrodynamics. Consequently, change in beach morphology which in turn affect the sediment transport and create erosion and accretion spots. One of the most affected beaches at Alexandria is Al- Nakheel beach due to the construction of seven detached breakwaters. Salient and tombolo accretion were formed in the lee side of the breakwaters, while the downstream of these structures suffer from erosion as well as the erosion within the gabs between the breakwaters. In addition, the beach suffers from rip current which threaten the beachgoers and cause tens of drowning each year. To study the effect of the structure and the hydrodynamic impacts the Delft 3D model was applied on the area from El-Agami to Sidi Krir, using the morphological, hydrodynamic and sedimentology datasets as model inputs.