الفهرس 
Load Frequency ControlOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The stability of the system frequency and the transmitted power between the
interconnected areas under variant system fluctuations play a crucial role for providing adequate quality for the power system. Load frequency control
(LFC) is employed to keep these system requirements under their permissible
limitations by adapting the output of the generators. Nowadays, renewable
energy has gotten high interest all over the globe because it provides inexpensive and clean energy. As a result, its integration in multi-area power systems represents great impact on the LFC in such systems. For handling this problem, this thesis proposes an optimal design of various controllers from the simple form of proportional-integral (PI) and proportionalintegral- derivative (PID) controllers to the new two forms of cascaded controllers, namely PI–PI and proportional–derivative with filter-PI (PDn-PI) under the presences of several external load disturbances. On the other side, these controllers still require optimal tuning to enhance its performance. For this purpose, a recent coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is proposed in a comparative manner with different developed algorithms such as particle swarm optimizer (PSO), differential evolution (DE) and Jaya algorithms.
Also, a time domain based-objective functions are investigated such as integral time-multiplied absolute value of the error (ITAE) and integral of absolute error (IAE). To show the high effectiveness of the employed COA, traditional two area non-reheat thermal systems are considered. In response to the global concern of utilizing renewable energy sources (RESs), an extensive study is conducted to analyze the integration solar photovoltaic (PV) grid in multi-area power systems. Furthermore, the uncertainty is considered under the variation of system parameters. The performance of the proposed competing controllers is tested under dynamic load change that is applied individually in each area. These controllers are applied on dissimilar test cases with various sets of disturbances. The obtained results are compared with various reported techniques. The simulated comparisons declare the great efficiency with high superiority robustness of the proposed cascaded PDn-PI based on COA for handling the LFC in multi-area power systems. All the simulations are carried out using MATLAB environment.