الفهرس 
Classification of nanoparticlesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention due to their numerous applications. The experiments in this study were carried out to investigate a green, eco-friendly approach to biosynthesizing silver, copper oxide nanoparticles have been reported from marine macroalgae-Cystseira myrica and Hormophysa triquetra extracts as a reducing agent while the algal biomass of Scenedesmus quadricauda was shown to produce silver and copper nanoparticles intracellularly in this work.
The synthesis of silver, copper oxide, and copper nanoparticles is affected by pH and temperature, implying that the synthesis is highly dependent on pH and temperature.
The formation of nanoparticles has been detected by modifying the color of C. myrica and H. triquetra algal extracts, as well as the biomass of S. quadricauda and was confirmed using UV- Visible spectrum and UV- Visible / diffuse reflectance.
The maximum production of silver nanoparticles by the aqueous extracts of C. myrica and H. triquetra, as well as the biomass of S. quadricauda were found to be at pH 9.
The synthesis rate of silver nanoparticles was found to increase with an increase in reaction temperature up to 75 and 100°C when using C. myrica and H. triquetra extracts. Also, in S. quadricauda it was found that the maximum synthesis of AgNPs occurs at 100°C.
The aqueous extracts of C. myrica and H. triquetra, at pH 5 and 100°C after 150 minutes were shown to be the optimal condition for the synthesis of copper oxide and to copper nanoparticles synthesis by the biomass of Scenedesmus quadricauda.
The successful synthesis of NPs has been confirmed by HR-TEM, XRD, DLS, and FT-IR.
Silver nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from C. myrica aqueous extract have been investigated for several applications.
The first: Silver nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles have an anticancer activity against two cancer cells: breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and Green Monkey kidney cell lines (VERO). The cytotoxicity assay was studied at various concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.56, 0.78, 0.39, 0.2 and 0.1 μg/ml). Cytotoxicity was measured and expressed as the survival fraction compared with untreated control cells. Cytotoxicity effect was found for all concentrations of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extract of C. myrica. The samples’ cytotoxicity testing reported a clear dose-response relationship, with cytotoxicity improving as concentrations increased. As the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the percentage of cell viability decreases.
The second: The antiviral activity of silver nanoparticles and copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extract of C. myrica against Herpes Simplex virus (HSV-1) was investigated, however no antiviral activity was found.