الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide (8-16%) and sometimes not recognized by clinicians. In absence of symptoms, cutaneous manifestations may provide a clue of kidney affection. On the contrary, in presence of CKD, thorough physical examination including dermatologic examination is essential. With increasing duration of kidney affection and if uremia left untreated, some cutaneous morbidity arises. Cutaneous manifestation of CKD can be divided into non-specific manifestation: ● Uremic PRURITUS ● XEROSIS: ● Acquired ichthyosis: ● Pigmentary changes: ● Half‐and‐half nails (Lindsay’s nails), and specific manifestation: ● Uremic frost ● Acquired perforating dermatoses: ● Calciphylaxis ● Bullous disease ● Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis The prevalence of cutaneous manifestation in patients with kidney disease is very high. About 50% -100% of the patients will develop one lesion. The range of cutaneous manifestations varies from asymptomatic or very mild to physically disabling and life threatening. Early diagnosis and management of CKD with timely start of renal replacement therapy is warranted. This may be true for certain conditions; uremic frost becomes rare nowadays because of efficient dialysis, while other cutaneous diseases may not be resolved with dialysis. Renal replacement modalities increase life expectancy of patients with chronic kidney disease with other cutaneous manifestation to appear. New research questions arise regarding the efficiency and duration of dialysis on cutaneous manifestations. Dialysis can improve some of the symptoms while worsens others. Studies are needed in this aspect to clarify different etiologies, pathogenesis and modalities of treatment.