الفهرس 
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Abstract
Alkalophilic bacteria can be found mostly in alkaline environments including soda soils, soda lakes and deserts, neutral environments and deep-sea sediments (e.g., Mariana Trench). Animal manure, man-made alkaline environments such as effluents from food, textile, tannery, potato processing units, paper manufacturing units, calcium carbonate kilns and detergent industry are also good sources (Horikoshi 1999, Kumar and Takagi, 1999). Obligate alkalophiles have been isolated even from acidic soils (Krulwich and Guffanti, 1989).
Alkalophilic bacteria are generally isolated by surface plating on a high alkaline medium. The medium described by Horikoshi, 1971 is the most commonly used general medium for the isolation of alkalophiles. Different types of media have also been used in the past, including nutrient agar (Joshi and Ball, 1993), glucose-yeast extract-asparagine (GYA) agar (Sen and Satyanarayana, 1993), peptone-yeast extract-glucose (PPYG) medium (Srinivasan et al., 1983). Subsequently the isolates are grown on specific media to observe extracellular enzymatic activities (Kumar and Takagi, 1999).