الفهرس 
الفصل الأوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
It is clear from the study that after the end of the Second World War, a kind of synergy occurred between the political and economic conditions, which resulted in a change in the political behavior of the Turkish regime, and laid the first foundations for the establishment of a liberal democratic system, a system characterized by emphasizing: human rights, citizenship, and public liberties, and the introduction of the multi-party system and the emphasis on the necessity of working with it, especially with the emergence of partisan pluralism in which Turkey emerged from the control of the one ruling party represented by the head of the state to a stage of diverse political spectrums from left, right and center, although the Democratic Party that dominated On all areas of Turkish life, the most prominent positives are The Democratic Party arose as a natural development of democracy in modern Turkey after a period of party tyranny of the Republican People’s Party. However, the emergence of the Democratic Party was a lifeline to which the Turks cling to be their savior from the Republican Party. Presenting it a year to wasting opportunity for the Democrats, but the Turkish people took a share of Parliament for the opposition to be represented by the newly born Democratic Party, which did not complete its first year, which excelled in playing the role of the opposition against the Republican Party – and perhaps one of the things that made the Democratic Party excel in playing the role of the opposition is that They were former members of the Republican Party and separated from it and established the Democratic Party and dealt with the Republican Party with courage and strong confidence that came from being Republicans who wanted their real democratic country, which the Turkish people enjoy. There is a note on this point, that the democratic development brought about the desire of the strongest party in the country, represented by the Republican Party, which had strength in all respects. Political, and that the alienation of some members who wanted their country a democratic renaissance was one of the factors for the success of democracy in Turkey, especially since political analysts believe that Turkish democracy is only suitable for Turkey, but there is a strong similarity between the Turkish democratic development and the development that the Egyptian government seeks. -The study showed that with the end of the era of the Republican Party and the Democratic Party taking over the reins of government in Turkey, economic and political transformations occurred in the main directions of the system. This process remained limited in the era of the Democratic Party, where the regime retained authoritarian characteristics along with the economic and political transformations witnessed in the same era. -The 1950 elections were held on May 14, to bring about a major transformation in the parliamentary life in Turkey, which resulted in a landslide victory for the Democratic Party, while the Republican Party, which has been dominant in the state for twenty-seven years, has only obtained a small percentage, and with this result, the Republican People’s Party lost its hegemony in power. And our truth is that the joy of victory for the Turkish people was not the victory of the Democratic Party, but rather the overthrow of the Republican Party- One of the most important positive effects that resulted from the parliamentary elections in the aforementioned period is the emergence of various pressure groups that resulted in the growth of civil society represented by businessmen, the media, political parties, labor unions, and charitable societies of all kinds. Decision-making is no longer the preserve of the President of the Republic. , and the Prime Minister, but many parties are directly or indirectly affected by the decision-making- Some see that the period from 1950 to 1960 AD is a period of many changes, although the change in the political system was slow, but it was absorbed and dealt with, during which Turkish society knew for the first time in the history of party life how the electoral process is managed with a democratic experience based on the establishment of party units that can spread their ideas in This coincided with the spread of the educational renaissance in the country and with the absence of class differences The Democratic Party held its first parliamentary session amid a very important enthusiastic atmosphere, as it began with wide religious transformations in Turkish life, so it repeated the call to prayer in Arabic, and broadcast the Holy Qur’an in Ramadan and other than Ramadan on Fridays. All these matters led to an increase in the Democrats’ popularity and their victory in the parliamentary session in 1954 AD with a majority over the previous session in 1950 AD. - The study showed that Turkey, under the rule of the Democratic Party, through economic and reform policies and structural change programs, the Democratic Party was able to control crises and get rid of them and the advancement and development of the economy, achieving a good economic rate, and raising its competitiveness in global markets. The democrats took advantage of this great popularity and developed a broad economic development in the country that helped advance Turkey economically. This economic prosperity led to the expansion of the country’s political base. It established several international alliances, such as Turkey’s accession to NATO, which Turkey sought a lot in order to protect it from the communist expansion of the country and Soviet influence. In zone0 Turkey also sought in that era to establish an Islamic-Arab alliance by making the Baghdad Pact, due to the special importance of the two countries to confront the common Kurdish problem between them and protect their common borders. - All these alliances in that period led to the economic and political advancement of the country. During the era of the Democratic Party, Turkey witnessed an increase in the number of foreign investors in the country and the advantages granted to them to develop their factories and investments in the country were varied. Menderes also announced an economic program known as the Economic Stability Program, which aims to Cooperation with international organizations to work in Turkey0 - The study confirmed that the Democratic Party government was seeking to continue strengthening the Turkish economy, raising the level of well-being of the Turkish people, and increasing national income, as the goal is to raise the per capita share of national income and increase exports. - The Democratic Party played a major role in intensifying relations with the United States of America, especially under the presidency of Celal Bayar, ruling Turkey, on the political and military levels, and Turkey is at the top of the list of countries whose official visits the United States at the invitation of the United States to discuss important issues, Especially since the Turkish-American relations are long and protracted in many cases as a result of multiple internal and regional repercussions, but they are strategic and important and difficult to abandon for both parties. - Among the reasons for the fall of the Democratic Party and its weak popularity, - The interest of the Democratic Party government for the period 1950-1960 AD, to satisfy the religious sentiments of the peasants, and the emergence of a religious trend to revive the Islamic heritage in Turkey, besides that, a threat to the secularism that Ataturk established. - Adnan Menderes government’s reliance on the liberal system in managing the agricultural and industrial sectors, led to economic and financial chaos, of which the first beneficiary was major The peasants who own agricultural land, and the emergence of a cabal of businessmen who controlled the country’s industrial and financial capabilities, and this is a violation of the principle of statehood. Restricting public freedoms and tightening the screws on opposition parties, such as confiscating institutions and property affiliated with the Republican People’s Party, which was considered one of the main reasons for the military coup in 1960. The government tried to plunge the army into politics by imposing martial law and calling in the army to limit the Republican People’s Party’s propaganda. - Turkey’s accession to the Atlantic Alliance had a negative impact on the situation of some parties in Turkey, especially the left parties, and with the weak influence of the leaders of the left-wing parties on the Turkish voter with the state allowing the activity of elements with a conservative Islamic orientation affiliated with the right-wing parties, in order to stand against the activity of the left-communist parties, This made the right-wing parties in control of the results of the parliamentary elections since the beginning of the multi-party system - The decline and some failures in the policy of the Democratic Party had a great impact, especially the failures that occurred in the second half of the fifties, including the depreciation of the Turkish lira, the occurrence of inflation, the decline in the standard of living in per capita income and the rise in prices, which subsequently led to the discontent of the people, including the army. The principles of Ataturk, after being officially adopted and stipulated in the constitution since 1937, which are the basic foundations of the Republican People’s Party, became a complete philosophy of the system and determinants of political and social behavior at the individual level in Turkey, and a coup took place in its name and in the name of defending it in 1960. On May 27, 1960 AD, the military establishment carried out a coup, one of the most important goals of that coup was to overthrow the democratic era in the country and to overthrow the leaders of the Democratic Party and then lead Adnan Menderes to death by hanging at the hands of the military establishment. Finally, it can be said that Turkey, during the period of the Democratic Party’s rule, followed the path of internal reforms, and charted specific paths for its foreign policy, which would help it achieve more progress in the political and economic fields.