الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Treating cancer with chimeric antigen receptor T cells has made significant achievement and has gradually become a crucial approach in healing hematological malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy as an innovative treatment method has potential to change the clinical outcome for many patients, but challenges still exist to be settled before the therapy turns into a dominated therapeutic choice considering its security and effectiveness. The development of chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment is impeded by serious adverse reactions, such as the release of cytokine, neurotoxicity, tumor lysis syndrome, off-tumor target toxicity, as well as labor-intensity and high cost. On the other hand, the occurrence of recidivation is also a primary challenge. Despite many issues, chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy is indisputably a promising tool for the future adoptive cancer immunotherapy and increasing clinical trials for blood cancer have been registered. Unlike general T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells are not restricted by major histocompatibility complex when they recognize tumor-associated antigens. Encouragingly, many methods of reducing cytotoxicity and increasing chimeric antigen receptor T cells’ curative effect have been developed and have made significant progress through regulating the chimeric antigen receptor T cellcells cytoactivity In order to ensure long-term benefits, future studies may need to seek targets with enhanced safety and efficacy or incorporate novel chimeric antigen receptor constructs. There’s numerous evidence showing that combination therapies were also decent choices to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell cells therapy combined with checkpoint blocking antibodies or small molecule inhibitors have shown inspiring results than single-drug approach. The most important determinant of the success of CAR T cell therapy is the choice of the target antigen. The optimal CAR T cell target antigen is one that is consistently expressed on the surface of malignant cells but not on the surface of non-malignant cells. If CAR T cells are able to recognize a target expressed on non-malignant cells, severe toxicities could ensue. To date, no antigen has been identified that is strongly and uniformly expressed on MM cells but not on non-malignant cells. Of the antigens identified so far, B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a member of the TNF superfamily, has the most favourable expression pattern for a MM cell-directed CAR target. |