الفهرس 
OBESITYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion Obesity is defined as a condition of excess fat accumulation in adipose tissue (AT), to the extent that health is impaired. There is presently a global epidemic of obesity affecting all age groups in both developed and developing countries. The increasing prevalence of obesity places a large burden on health care use and costs. It is often associated with significant disability and premature death. Indeed, this occurs on top of development of numerous noncommunicable diseases as type II diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerosis, hypertension, certain cancers, osteoarthritis and infertility. Concerning atherosclerosis, it is a chronic inflammatory process triggered by accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the arterial wall intima. Atherosclerosis remains a major killer and a leading cause of vascular disease worldwide including peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Obesity associated hyperlipidemia, inflammation and redox imbalance could initiate and promote atherogenesis. Moreover, numerous biomolecules could be implicated in progression or attenuation of atherogenesis as sirtuin1 (SIRT1), nod like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Concerning sirtuin1 (SIRT1), it belongs to sirtuin family of proteins. Sirtuins constitute a highly conserved family of deacetylases that depend on the oxidized form of nicotinamide