الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 113 |  |  |
| | | from | 113 | | |
Abstract
Renal stones is a common clinical problem representing about 10–14%
of the population, there are different chemical compounds forming renal
stones. The most common chemical composition are calcium oxalate (70%),
calcium phosphate (20%), uric acid (8%) and cystine (2%) (28). The
introduction of unenhanced helical computed tomography has significantly
affected the evaluation of patients with urinary calculi; it gives a good
information about the presence, size and location of the stones (3). DECT with
post processing techniques provides similar information as well as chemical
characterizations of renal stone. (3)
This study aimed to evaluate the role of dual energy computed
tomography in renal stones.
This study was performed at the Radiology department at International
Medical Centre “IMC” throughout the period from August 2018 to March
2020. Our study included 30 patients (20 males and 10 females) with known
renal stones. The patient aged from (16) to (79) years with a mean 48 years.
Patients were scanned by standard single energy CT with a tube current
of 120 kvp, and DECT examination was performed after confirmation of the
presence of renal stone. Dual energy CT examinations performed by using a
single-source dual energy with fast switching between two kilovoltage setting
using 80 kVp and 135 kVp, DECT performed focusing on the region of the
stone only.
Images acquired with the dual energy modality were processed using a
the dedicated software for the evaluation of the stone chemical composition.
Classic loin pain was noted in 17 cases, hematuria in 5 cases, loin pain
combined with hematuria in 3 patients, loin pain combined with nausea and
vomiting in 3 patients, loin pain combined with fever in only 1 patient, one patient was asymptomatic.
Twenty-five patients had a single stone and 5 patients had multiple
stones, the total number of stones in the 30 examined patients was 37 stones.
The sizes of stones ranged from 5 to 36 mm with a mean of 15 mm. Single
energy CT density ranged from 405 HU to 1926 HU with a mean of 1124 HU.
Eighteen stones were seen at the lower calyx, 4 stones seen at upper calyx, 3
stones seen at the middle calyx, 7 stones seen at the renal pelvis, 5 stones were staghorn stones.